Digestion Foldable

• • Tab 1 Mouth: – List the parts of the mouth – Describe the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth.

• Be sure to include any enzymes or structures important in these processes and their functions.

• Define Bolus • Define and describe the different salivary glands and their function.

Tab 2 Esophagus: – Describe the structures of the esophagus and the roll it plays with digestion.

– How does food move through the esophagus

• Tab 3 Stomach: – Describe the structures of the stomach and how they aid in digestion • • Include the cardioesophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter Microvilli, villi, rugae • Chief, parietal and enteroendocrine cells – Describe the process of digestion within the stomach.

• Enzymes involved • • Hormones Where are the enzymes and hormones made and when are they released.

– Define Chyme – What process moves food when leaving the stomach?

• Tab 4 Small Intestines: – Describe the structures of the small intestines • Name and describe the 3 parts.

• Describe the ileocecal valve.

• Microvilli, villi and brush border – Describe the process of food breakdown and absorption within the small intestine • Include enzymes and hormones and describe their functions • What molecules are absorbed here?

– How does food move throughout the small intestine?

• Tab 5 Large intestine, Rectum and Anus: – Describe the structure and function of the large intestine.

• What is absorbed here?

– What are the subdivisions of the large intestines – Describe the external and internal anal sphincters and how they play a role in defecation.

• Define defecation

• • Tab 6: Accessory Organs Describe the function of the following organs and their role in digestion: – Pancreas – Liver – Gallbladder

• Tab 7: Nutrition – Define nutrition and metabolism – List the major and minor nutrients – What are vitamins and how do they function?

– On p. 499 briefly describe the breakdown of the major nutrients and what the end products are what the end products are used for.

– Define: glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis – Compare and contrast LDLs and HDLs

• Tab 8: Metabolism – How is food intake regulated?

– Define and describe the basal metabolic rate and the role thyroxine plays in this.

– Define total metabolic rate – Describe body temperature regulation in regards to metabolism • • What are heat-promoting mechanisms?

What are heat-loss mechanisms?