Transcript Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and

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Technical Note 6
Facility Layout
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Facility Layout and Basic Formats
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Process Layout
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Layout Planning
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Assembly Line balancing

Service Layout
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Facility Layout
Defined
Facility layout can be defined as the process by which the
placement of departments, workgroups within departments,
workstations, machines, and stock-holding points within a
facility are determined.
This process requires the following inputs:
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Basic Production Layout Formats
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Process Layout
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Product Layout
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Group Technology (Cellular) Layout
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Fixed-Position Layout
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Process-Oriented Layout
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Design places departments with large flows
of material or people together
Dept. areas have similar processes
Used with process-focused processes
Examples
© 1995 Corel Corp.
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Product-Oriented Layout
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Facility organized around product
Design minimizes line imbalance
Types: Fabrication line; assembly line
Examples
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
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Cellular Layout - Group Technology
(Work Cells)
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Special case of process-oriented layout
Consists of different machines brought
together to make a product
Temporary arrangement only
Group Technology Benefits:
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Group Technology:
Transition from Process Layout
1. Grouping parts into families that follow a
common sequence of steps.
2. Identifying dominant flow patterns of parts
families as a basis for location or relocation
of processes.
3.
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Fixed-Position Layout
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Design is for stationary project
Workers & equipment come to site
Complicating factors
– Limited space at site
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Examples
© 1995
Corel Corp.
© 1995
Corel Corp.
© 1995 Corel Corp.
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Fixed Position Layout
Question: What are our primary considerations for a
fixed position layout?
Answer:
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Retail Service Layout
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Goal--maximize net profit per square foot of
floor space.
Servicescapes
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Layout Solution
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Assembly Lines Balancing Concepts
Question: Suppose you load work into the three work stations
below such that each will take the corresponding number of
minutes as shown. What is the cycle time of this line?
Minutes
per Unit
Answer:
Station 1
Station 2
Station 3
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Example of Line Balancing
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You’ve just been assigned the job a setting
up an electric fan assembly line with the
following tasks:
Task
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Time (Mins)
2
1
3.25
1.2
0.5
1
1
1.4
Description
Assemble frame
Mount switch
Assemble motor housing
Mount motor housing in frame
Attach blade
Assemble and attach safety grill
Attach cord
Test
Predecessors
None
A
None
A, C
D
E
B
F, G
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Example of Line Balancing:
Structuring the Precedence Diagram
Task Predecessors
A
None
B
A
C
None
D
A, C
A
Task Predecessors
E
D
F
E
G
B
H
E, G
B
G
H
C
D
E
F
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Example of Line Balancing:
Precedence Diagram
Question: Which process step defines the maximum rate of
production?
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A
1
B
1
G
C
D
E
F
3.25
1.2
.5
1
Answer:
1.4
H
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Example of Line Balancing: Determine
Cycle Time
Question: Suppose we want to assemble 100
fans per day. What would our cycle time have
to be?
Answer:
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Example of Line Balancing: Determine
Theoretical Minimum Number of Workstations
Question: What is the theoretical minimum
number of workstations for this problem?
Answer: