Transcript Slide 1
Received from: Dr. Karen Dilka Eastern Kentucky University Date submitted to deafed.net – July 7, 2009 To contact the author for permission to use this PowerPoint, please e-mail: [email protected] To use this PowerPoint presentation in its entirety, please give credit to the author. Photo/Design from: “Alexander Graham Bell” by Greg Linder Published by Capstone Press, 1999 Alexander Graham Bell 1847 - 1922 Alexander Bell is born in Edinburgh, Scotland on March 3, 1847. Education: -Univ. of Edinburgh -University College, London The Teacher 1868 Bell begins teaching speech to the deaf at Susanna Hull's school for deaf children in London. 1871 Moving to Boston, Bell begins teaching at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes. 1872 Bell teaches at the Clarke School for the Deaf in Boston and at the American Asylum for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. Alexander Graham Bell with teachers and students of the Scott Circle School for deaf children, posed outdoors in Washington, D.C. (photo: commons.wikimedia.org) Bell -vs- Gallaudet • Strong oral education philosophy •Oral-manual education philosophy (falls into alignment with cochlear implant and residual hearing trends of today) •Said to be most responsible for the survival of oralmanual education • Did not promote deaf teachers due to their lack of speech • Major Educational Legacy- AG Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing“Advocating Independence through Listening and Talking!” •Promoted deaf teachers, teaching deaf students •Major Educational LegacyThe only Deaf Liberal Arts University-Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. VISIBLE SPEECH Alexander Melville Bell, A.G. Bell’s father, spent years classifying vocal sounds and developed a shorthand system he called “Visible Speech”. Visible Speech involved every sound being represented by a symbol, with the intention of teaching the deaf to speak by putting these sounds together. After spending some time in Boston, lecturing and demonstrating the Visible Speech system, A.G. Bell chose to settle there in 1872. He opened his own school to train teachers for the deaf, edited his pamphlet Visible Speech Pioneer, and continued to study and teach, becoming professor of vocal physiology at Boston University in 1873. The Mentor Bell met Helen Keller in 1887. He then began serving as her advocate and even provided occasional financial assistance. At one point, Bell served as a temporary replacement for Anne Sullivan (Helen’s teacher and interpreter) upon Keller’s request. Keller expresses gratitude for Bell’s help and friendship in a letter saying: "I cherish ever the many tokens of your love." The Inventor The idea of transmitting the human voice along a wire came from his love of speech… After much research and trial and error, by 1875 Bell had created a simple receiver that could turn electricity into sound. From there, the telephone was born… Interesting Facts: As a young man- Starting with the anatomy of the mouth and throat, Bell sacrificed the family cat in order to study the vocal chords in more detail! In 1898 Bell succeeded his father-in-law as president of the National Geographic Society. He believed that geography could be taught through pictures! National Geographic Magazine emerged from the “Society.” The Bell Telephone Company was created in 1877. Bell owned 1/3 of the 5,000 shares. Stock in the company rose from $50 to over $1,000 a share within three years. Photo/Design from: “Alexander Graham Bell” by Greg Linder Published by Capstone Press, 1999 References: "Alexander Graham Bell." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-BellAG.html http://www.AGBell.org http://www.Alexandergrahambell.org http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bell_alexa nder.shtml Moores, Ronald, F., Educating the Deaf: Psychology, Principles, and Practices (5th edition). Boston. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.