Transcript Slide 1
Today is April 14, 2014
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Understanding Classification
All life is categorized in
3 domains.
Domains are
further classified
getting
Domains
are the broadest
category.
more
specific at each
level.
Eubacteria
Eukaryota
Archaea
(bacteria)
There are 6 kingdoms in
modern classification.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Classification of Living
Things
There are 13 billion known species of
organisms
This is only 5% of all organisms that ever
lived!
New organisms are still being
found and identified today.
What is Classification?
Classification is the arrangement of
organisms into orderly groups based on their
similarities
Classification is also known as
taxonomy
Taxonomists are scientists that
identify and name organisms
Benefits of taxonomy
Taxonomy has the benefit of classifying
organisms accurately and uniformly by
assigning scientifically based names.
It prevents misnomers such as starfish and
jellyfish that aren't really fish
Uses same language (Latin or some Greek)
for all names
Early Taxonomists
2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first
taxonomist
Aristotle divided organisms into plants &
animals
He subdivided them by their habitat ---land,
sea, or air dwellers
John Ray
Early Taxonomist, John Ray, a botanist,
was the first to use Latin for naming plants
His names were very long descriptions
telling everything about the plant
Carolus Linnaeus1707
Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778
18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their structure
Developed naming system still used today
Carolus Linnaeus
Called the “Father of Taxonomy”
Developed the modern system of naming
known as binomial nomenclature
Each organism has a two-word name
(Genus & species)
Standardized Naming
Binomial nomenclature uses Genus and
species names
Latin or Greek Italicized in print
Capitalize genus, but NOT species
Underline when writing
Turdus migratorius
Rules for Naming
Organisms
The International Code for Binomial
Nomenclature contains the rules for naming
organisms
All names must be approved by International
Naming Congresses (International
Zoological Congress)
This prevents duplicate names
Hierarchy of Names
There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from
broadest to most specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, species
Domains
Broadest, most inclusive group
Three domains
Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular
prokaryotes (no nucleus or membranebound organelles)
Eukarya are more complex and have a
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
3 Domains
Kingdoms
Archaea
Archaea live in harsh environments and may
represent the first cells to have evolved.
Ancient life forms that still survive today
Found in sewage treatment plants and
thermal vents
Live in areas without oxygen
Eubacteria
Eubacteria, only some of which cause
human diseases, are present in almost all
habitats on Earth.
Many bacteria are important environmentally
and commercially.
Eubacteria are found in
intestines and help
break down food
Domain Eukarya
Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…)
Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
Plantae (multicellular plants)
Animalia (multicellular animals)
Kingdom Protista
Most are unicellular
Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are
heterotrophic
Kingdom Fungi
Multicellular (except yeast)
Heterotrophs
Decomposers
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make
glucose – Photosynthesis
Cell walls made of
cellulose
Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Feed on plants and/or animals
http://www.brainpop.com/scie
nce/diversityoflife/sixkingdom
s/
Credits
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/
dantescience-287709-classification-livingthings-nomeclature-education-pptpowerpoint/
M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/thumb/7/7d/Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg/250p
x http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/animals/an
imalid/images/class7.gif