Transcript HYPERTENSION

Diabetes
• Two kinds
– Type I: requires insulin injections
– Type II: caused by poor diet (increasing
rapidly in teenage population)
Pancreas and Insulin
Insulin
 Eat food
 Increases glucose in the blood
 Need insulin to grab hold of the glucose
to be used as energy
Too much glucose

Over time, the body becomes less efficient
and our insulin receptors do not work well
–
Type II Diabetes
Because of too much sugar in our diets.
Too much sugar

The glucose stays in the blood because the
body cannot produce enough insulin to
collect it

Sugar in the blood causes poor circulation
that damages kidneys, nerves, eyes & heart
Increase in Type II
• Because of:
– Being overweight or obese
– Decrease levels of activity
– Poor diet
Food choices
 All the food we eat turns into glucose,
but carbohydrates alter your sugar
MORE than any other type of food
Effects of Diabetes
Poor circulation causes
problems in kidneys,
eyes, heart and skin
HYPERTENSION
High Blood
Pressure
Measures High Blood Pressure

Sphygmomanometer
Blood Pressure
• Normal- 120/80
– 120 = pressure of blood against the artery
walls when the heart beats
-- 80 = pressure between beats
Blood Pressure Values
• Normal. Less than 120/80
• Prehypertension. 120-139/80-89
• Hypertension. 140/90
Increase in High Blood Pressure
HBP= increase risk Heart Disease
Causes of HBP
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Genetics
Obesity
Lack of physical activity
Too much salt in the diet
Too much alcohol consumption (no more than
1 to 2 drinks per day)
Stress
Where’s the SALT?
 Contain
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high levels of sodium (salt)
Lunch meats
Soy sauce
Canned soups and canned vegetables
Tomato juice
Pickles
Chinese food
Potato chips, corn chips
Symptoms of HBP

There are NO symptoms or signs of
hypertension, so you usually don't feel it.

In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have
hypertension don't know it. The only way
to know if you have hypertension is to
have your blood pressure checked.
Health problems associated with
HBP
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Stroke
Heart failure/attack
Sleep apnea/snoring
Kidney failure
Vision problems
Premature death
Erectile dysfunction
baldness
Reducing the risks
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Eat more fruits and veggies
Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day)
Exercise at least 30 minutes a day
Moderate alcohol consumption (no more
than 2 drinks a day)
• Maintain healthy weight
Cholesterol
HDL and LDL
HDL= good
LDL= bad
LDL- Bad cholesterol
• Too much LDL in the blood causes a build
up
What LDL does
► it
can slowly build up in the inner walls of
the arteries that feed the heart and brain,
forming plaque, a thick, hard deposit that
can clog those arteries
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• This condition is known as atherosclerosis.
If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed
artery, it can cause a heart attack or
stroke.
HDL- Good cholesterol
• HDL cholesterol is known as the "good"
cholesterol because a high level of it
seems to protect against heart attack.
• HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from
the arteries and back to the liver, where it's
passed from the body.
Increasing your HDLs

Increase the monounsaturated fats
in your diet.
– canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in the
fats found in peanut butter
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Add soluble fiber to your diet.
– oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes
– at least two servings a day
What NOT to eat…
• Saturated fatty acids - which come from
animal fats (meat, lard, dairy products)
and tropical oils such as coconut and palm
oils - raise the levels of LDL cholesterol.
NO GOOD FOR YOU
• stick margarines contain the most trans
fatty acid, tub margarines contain less,
and semi-liquid margarines contain the
least
Filled with Trans Fatty Acid
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Donuts/cakes/cookies
Packaged goods
Commercially fried foods
Microwave popcorn
What’s a Trans Fatty Acid?
• After research found that saturated fats
increased LDLs, manufacturers had to
switch to a healthier vegetable oil
• This kind of oil goes rancid (bad) quickly
so food companies began to hydrogenate
the oil to increase the shelf life of foods
• Hydrogenated oil forms Trans Fatty Acids
Filled with Fatty Acids
• crackers/corn chips/potato chips
Hazards of Obesity
Obesity Hazards
• Risk of: strokes, diabetes, heart disease,
HBP
• Appendicitis
• Arthritis
• Hernia
Need to change our Lifestyle
• 2/3 of Americans are overweight
Why are we so FAT?
• Must relay on cars because communities
are so spread out (unable to walk places)
– Most new communities do not have sidewalks
Why are we so FAT?
 Who
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is watching out for you? NO ONE
Snapple and soda vending machines
Both contain HFCS (high fructose corn syrup)
HFCS

Sugar from corn
Cheap to produce
 Very sweet
 Easy to store
 Used in everything: bread, pasta sauces,
bacon, beer, protein bars…

Too much sugar
 Fructose:
 Causes increased cholesterol
 Decreases action of WBC (white blood cells)
Fructose also converted into fatty acids very
EASILY by the liver…that’s why we are
getting FATTER!
Heredity

Genes inherited from your parents
– Determine eye color, hair color
– And also WEIGHT
Some people burn calories faster or slower than
others because of genes.
What’s happening
• Americans are eating out more
• Have less activity (cars, computers,
remote control, TV, video games)
Processed Foods
• Contain a lot more calories
Who is more at risk?
► Women
> Men
► Mexicans & African Americans > other races
► TEENAGERS
Teenagers
 Poor diets and inactivity in teens
resulting in diseases thought to be
adult problems:
 High Blood Pressure
 High cholesterol
 Type II Diabetes
Feeling Good
No magic cure, no quick fix…
Exercise
Good diet
Drink water
What’s on your plate?
• Eat breakfast, lunch and dinner
• Watch serving sizes
• Have plenty of color on your plate
Serving sizes
• Peanut butter/cream cheese
Serving sizes
• Piece of fruit
• bagel
Serving sizes
• 1 oz. of cheese- 4 dice
Serving size
• Baked potato
• 3 oz of cooked meat
Serving sizes
• 1 cup of fruit/vegetables– whatever fits in the palm of your hands