Transcript Coronary Risk Factors - Hillingdon Hospitals NHS

Coronary Risk Factors
Introduction
• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) can affect
anyone at anytime.
• However, there are circumstances called
RISK FACTORS that make it more likely for
you to have a heart problem
• -Risk factors you can change
• -Risk factors you cant change
• You cannot change – age, sex and family
history.
• Age-we are all getting older!
• Sex-being a man predisposes you to heart
disease before the age of 65yrs.Women
are protected because of hormones,
oestrogen until the menopause.
• Family history- Close relative under 50
with heart disease will increase your risk.
Risk Factors We Can Change
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SMOKING
Bad DIET
HYPERTENSION
STRESS
Lack of EXERCISE
ALCOHOL
OVERWEIGHT
High CHOLESTEROL
• Evidence shows that more than half the
fall in CHD deaths in the last 20 years are
down to reductions in the major risk
factors- smoking, diet, obesity and lack of
exercise (DoH, 2007)
SMOKING
• Smoking is a very powerful
addiction, both physical and
psychological
• It affects every cell in the body
• Every time you puff, up to
4000 chemicals are inhaled
into your lungs. 43 of which
cause cancer.
• Smokers have more heart
disease, artery damage,
strokes, cancer, bronchitis,
emphysema, osteoporosis, and
wrinkles.
Nicotine
• Nicotine is a poison that contracts blood
vessels, including the coronary arteries
that supply the heart. This makes them
stiff and therefore less flexible.
• It will stimulate your brain to produce
more adrenaline causing your heart to
beat faster and raise your blood pressure.
Carbon Monoxide
• Replaces the oxygen carried by red blood
cells, leaving organs including the heart
short of oxygen.
• Organs do not work well with decreased
oxygen.
Benefits of Giving Up
.
After 2-12 weeks: circulation improves and
exercise becomes easier.
After 3-9 months: lung efficiency improves by 510%.
After 5 years: risk of heart attack drops to half that
of a smoker.
After 10 years: heart attack risk falls to the same
as someone who has never smoked.
DIET
• Healthy eating is
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important as it has
many benefits such as
keeping your weight
and cholesterol down
MODERATION is the
key word – a little of
what you fancy does
you no harm
The key to healthy eating is;
‘A Balanced Diet’
OVERWEIGHT
• Why do we put weight on? It’s
simple!
• If we eat more calories than we
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burn up, the spare calories will
be stored as fat
If you are overweight the heart
has to work harder to pump
around a ‘bigger body’
You will feel less likely to take
regular exercise
Your blood pressure may be
higher and your cholesterol is
more likely to be raised. Also
you may have a risk of getting
diabetes.
What can we do?
• Aim to eat 3 regular meals. Don’t
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skip breakfast.
½ fill your plate with veg or salad
and divide the other half between the
meat, fish, or other protein and the
potatoes pasta or rice.
Limit salt and salty foods
Cut back on saturated fat – grill, bake
or steam
Exercise for 30 mins at least 5 times
a week.
CHOLESTEROL (LIPIDS)
• LDL – the higher the LDL
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level the more likely your
arteries are to have fatty
deposits, this can lead to
narrowing of the arteries.
The main aim of a low fat
diet is to reduce your LDL
level
Regular exercise will help
decrease LDL
CHOLESTEROL (LIPIDS)
• HDL – this carries
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cholesterol back to the
liver to be broken down
and eliminated
The higher the level the
lower your risk of
developing Coronary Heart
Disease
Triglycerides
• These are another form
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of cholesterol
High levels of
triglycerides in the
bloodstream can
contribute to the risk of
heart disease.
Exercise and a lower
carbohydrate diet can
reduce your trig..
Omega-3 fatty acids and
statins help reduce your
cholesterol and trig..
ALCOHOL
• Most of us enjoy a drink, however regular heavy
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drinking is a major health hazard and it’s on the
increase
1-2 units per day is said to be beneficial, not
more than 14 units a week for a woman and 21
for a man
• Small amounts help
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prevent heart disease and
stroke by increasing the
good cholesterol
Makes the blood less
sticky
Its important not to save
all your units for the
weekend, avoid binge
drinking
BLOOD PRESSURE
• It’s essential for our blood to
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travel around the body. It won’t
get anywhere without pressure
Normal range varies – 100150/70-90
Systolic = is the top reading
Diastolic = the bottom reading
These figures tell us what the
pressure in the heart is before
the heart pumps blood and just
after it has pumped the blood
around the body
• Most cases of increased BP
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have no cause
It may run in families
Eating too much salt, being
overweight, drinking too
much alcohol and not
exercising enough can raise it
Stress can also have a
bearing on B.P
Increased B.P occurs as we
get older, but not usually in
people with low salt intakes
What does it do to you?
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walls of the arteries
can become damaged
by wear and tear of
the blood flow under
pressure
Arteries affected in
particular are, the
coronary arteries and
the arteries in the
brain.
TREATMENT
• Mild increase in B.P can
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be controlled by lifestyle
changes e.g; decreased
salt intake, losing weight,
taking exercise, reducing
stress
Very high BP should be
controlled with
medication and usually
for life. The dose can
sometimes be lowered if
you make certain
changes to your lifestyle
And finally…..
• There is only one
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person who can
change your
lifestyle…..YOU!
Take care of your
heart and it will take
care of you.