Transcript 端 脑 telecephalon

Nervous system
Chapter 17 Central Nervous System
The spinal cord
Brain
brain stem
cerebellum
diencephalon
telencephalon
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telencephalon
the shape and sublobe of
telencephalon
cerebral longitudinal fissure
corpus callosum
cerebral transverse fissure
cerebral transverse fissure
central sulcus
parietooccipital sulcus
frontal lobe
central sulcus
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
insular lobe
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parietoo
ccipital
sulcus temporal lobe lateral
sulcus
cerebral longitudinal
fissure
frontal
lobe
central
sulcus
parietal
lobe
parietooccipital
sulcus
parietal lobe
occipital
lobe
occipital
lobe
insular lobe,
frontal
insula
lobe
temporal lobe
superolateral surface of hemisphere
frontal lobe：
anterior paracentral fissure
superior frontal sulcus
inferior frontal sulcus
precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
parietal lobe：
postcentral sulcus;
intraparietal sulcus
postcentral gyrus
superior parietal lobule
inferior parietal lobule
（supramarginal gyrus、angular gyrus）
temporal lobe：
superior temporal sulcus
Inferior temporal sulcus
superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus
transverse temporal gyri
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precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
superior frontal sulcus
precentral
sulcus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal
sulcus
inferior frontal
gyrus
postcentral gyrus
central
sulcus
postcentral sulcus
superior parietal
lobule
intraparietal sulcus
supramar
ginal
gyrus
lateral sulcus
superior temporal gyrus
superior temporal sulucs
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal sulcus
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angular preoccipital
gyrus incisure
inferior temporal gyrus
parietooccipital
sulcus
Hemispherical medial surface
paracentral lobule
corpus callosum
pseudoventricle
calcarine sulcus
cuneate lobe
lingual gyrussulcus
hippocampi
cingulate gyrus
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inferior view
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
olfactory triangle
anterior perforated substance
collateral sulcus
subiculum hippocampi
uncus
medial occipitotemporal gyrus
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
dentate gyrus
Hippocampus
hippocampal formation
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limbic lobe
septal area
cingulate gyrus
Subiculum hippocampi
uncus
hippocampus
dentate gyrus
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functional localization of cerebral cortex
First somatic motor area
precentral gyrus,anterior part of paracentral lobule（4、6 area）
The efferenting fibers composed
of pyramid tract, and carry out
the administration of skeletal
muscle movement.
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First somatic sensory area
paracentral lobule,posterior part of paracentral lobule（3、1、2 area）
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Visual area
the occipital cortex above or below the calcarine sulcus
(17 area)
17
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4．auditory area
transverse temporal gyri（41、42 area）
5．area of equilibrium sense
the inferior extremity of postcentral gyrus
6．olfactory region
the medial part of uncus of parahippocampal gyrus and its
vicinity
7．gustatory area
the inferior part of postcentral gyrus（43 area）
8．visceral motor center
limbic lobe
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9.speech center
（1）motor speech center：
posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus－Broca area（44、45 area）
（2）writing area：
posterior part of middle frontal gyrus（ 8 area）
（3）auditory speech center：
posterior part of superior temporal gyrus（22 area）
（4）visual speech center（reading center）：
Wernicke area
angular gyrus（39 area）
visual speech
center
cheirokinesthetic center
motor speech center
auditory speech center
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telencephalic internal structure
caudate nucleus
corpus striatum
1．basal nuclei
（1）corpus striatum
（2）claustrum
（3）amygdaloid body
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lentiform nucleus
neostriatum
putamen
globus pallidus—paleostriatum
2. lateral cerebral ventricle
divide into four parts：
anterior horn
— extend to frontal lobe
posterior horn
— extend to occipital lobe
inferior horn
— extend to temporal lobe
central part
— lies in parietal lobe
Communicate with the third
ventricle of cerebrum through left
and right interventricular foramen.
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3．cerebral cortex
the gray matter covering on the surface of cerebral hemisphere
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subregion：
52 areas can be divided
according to Brodmann
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Interhemispheric medulla
1、association fibers
①fasciculus uncinatus
②superior longitudinal fasciculus
③inferior longitudinal fasciculus
④cingule
archiform
fibers
superior
longitudinal
fasciculus
lentiform
nucleus
cingulum
inferior
longitudinal
fasciculus
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uncinate
fasciculus
2、commissural fibers
corpus callosum：mouth,knee,trunk,splenium
anterior commissure—link the temporal lobe of two sides
fornix,fornical commissure
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3、projection fibers
Internal capsule
Locate between dorsal thalamus, caudate nucleus and lentiform
nucleus. The horizontal section assumes the shape of V to the
outside.
anterior limb of internal capsule—frontal region
knee of internal capsule
posterior limb of internal capsule—occiput
thalamolentiform part
（between lentiform nucleus and thalamencephalon）
retrolentiform part
sublentiform part
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（1）projection fibers of anterior limb of internal capsule
frontopontile tract
anterior thalamic radiations
（2）projection fibers of knee of internal capsule
corticonuclear tract
（3） projection fibers of posterior limb of internal capsule
corticospinal tract
corticorubral tract
occipitotemporopontine tract
central thalamic radiations
optic radiation
acoustic radiation
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The injury of one internal capsule can produce symptom of
“three unsymmetrical” ：
1、the half body sensory deprivation of opposite side （the injury of
central thalamic radiations）
2、contralateral hemiplegia（the injury of corticonuclear tract and
corticospinal tract）
3、the half blindness of two visual field in the same side（the injury
of optic radiation）
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limbic system
limbic lobe：cingulate gyrus,parahippocampal
gyrus,uncus,hippocampus,dentate gyrus et al.
Subcortex structure：amygdaloid body,septal nuclei,hypothalamus,the
anterior nucleus of dorsal thalamus et al.
function：
1、control visceral regulation, emotional reaction and sexual activity and so on.
2、hippocampus is related to memory.
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