Transcript Focusing Our Efforts

Baseload Training Intro
A. Tamasin Sterner
Pure Energy
…and We Care Because…
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WAP expects contractors to deal with electric baseload.
Mainstream awareness of Global Warming is happening.
Clients sometimes know more than we know.
Electricity costs are rising!
Efficiency gains are netting zero due to population growth,
bigger houses and more stuff plugged in.
Electricity use has more than tripled in the US since 1960 as
consumers binge on electronic technologies-- communication,
home entertainment, information, etc.
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions requires using less
electricity if earth is to remain a good place to live.
Successfully diagnosing and fixing high baseload use and
educating people takes time and skills.
Reduced Energy Use
is the key
 Even if the only problem we face is
increased energy costs, many people will
be in trouble, especially the most
vulnerable population – the old, poor, ill –
the very folks we visit.
Source: Mark Fortney, PHRC
Energy Cost & Value
Fuel
Source
Crude Oil
Unit
Btu/
Unit
Unit/
Mbtu
Cost/
Unit
Cost/
Mbtu
Barrel
6,300,000
0.16
$95.00
$15.20
Gallon
140,000
7.14
$3.05
$21.78
Propane
Gallon
92,000
10.87
$3.00
$32.61
Natural Gas
Therm
100,000
10
$1.25
$12.50
Gasoline
Gallon
125,000
8
$3.00
$24.00
Mixed Wood
Cord
20,000,000
0.05
$295.00
$14.75
Electricity
kWh
3,412
293
$0.10
$29.30
Heating Oil
Cost/Unit x Unit/MBtu = Cost/Mbtu
Electric energy intensity
(kWh/person) 1960 - present
Art Rosenfeld, Emerging Technologies in Energy Efficiency Conference, Oct. 2006
The goal is to understand how a particular
household uses electricity, identify the
possibilities for reducing that use and
dialogue with the occupant for the best
possible outcomes.
Establishing Baseload Use
 Obtain (a printout of) the client’s electricity use
for at least one year, prior to the site visit.
 Separate the baseload use from the total use by
adding together the three lowest months, (not
weird numbers) dividing the sum by 3 to get an
average baseload month’s use, and then
multiplying that number by 12 months.
 This can easily be done visually from a bar
chart.
 There are lots of ways to do this.
They all work.
To “Produce Reduced Use”
We must know where they are, where
they’ve been, and what is possible.
This requires getting & using information
BEFORE & during the Home Visit:
 Monthly use/bill
 13 month consumption history
 Savings potential
 Reduction goals
Baseload as a Building
Science Systems Issue
One example:
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Recessed lights are holes in the
envelope, most of which leak air
Local hot spot enhances exfiltration
forces
A 13 watt bulb increases air flow
through a leaky can by 60% when it’s
on, a 50 watt bulb by 170% and a
100 watt bulb by 400%!
Larry Kinney, Synertech Systems Inc
Baseload is a Waste & Pollution
Systems Issue
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Over a five year period, an incandescent bulb uses
electricity equal to 10 mg of mercury emissions from a
coal-fired plant.
A CFL may contain 4 mg of mercury, but “uses” only 2.4
mg of emissions from electricity.
Mercury in a CFL is contained and is recycled with proper
disposal*. Once out of the smokestack mercury is
uncontrollable.
Electricity generated from coal-fired plants is only 33%
efficient at the plug. The rest of the source energy is
“wasted” in generation, transmission, & distribution losses.
* www.Earth911.org
U.S. EAP 2002
The Vexing Challenges of
Lifestyle & Behavior
 The number of occupants impacts use.
 Occupant choices can make a 10 to 1 difference
in total use.
 Changing operating behaviors, such as control
settings, fewer hours of use, more efficient
appliances, can make a big difference.
 Thoughtless or emergency purchasing
decisions— multiple units, features, size– can
have unintended consequences and use.
Sample Use-Cost Calculations
 Circulating furnace fans on 24/7(@400-600W)
500W x 24 hours x 365 days x .001kW/W =
4,380 kWh/yr @$.10 = $438 per year
 Radon exhaust fan in attached garage per EPA
IAQ house standards (@80-125W)
100W x 8760 hrs/yr x .001kW/W = 876 kWh/yr
@ $.10 = $88 per year
Kill A Watt EZ (kWh) Meter
Displays:
Volts
Amps
VA
Hertz
Power Factor
kWh
Cost
Elapsed Time
www.p3international.com
IT
Average Share of Resident ial Plug Load
Energy Use by Product
Cat Important
egory
and Entertainment
are
to
Address
Informat ion
t echnology
31%
Ot her
9%
Ent ert ainment
60%
Small
appliances
5%
Telephony
2%
Lighting
1%
Power
1%
Personal
hygiene
0.4%
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
My Big Gulp:
Home Entertainment Center
Energy Star 37” LCD TV
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1W Stdby, 149 W On
VCR/DVD
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7 W Stdby, 17W On
Cable Box, HDTV DVR
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25 W Stdby, 35 W On
Power
strip
Saves 0.5
kWh/day
Stereo/Home Theater
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2 W Stdby, 65 W On
CD Player
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2 W Stdby, 10 W On
Sub-woofer
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7 W Stdby, 15 W On
Danny Parker, FSEC, 2006
Newer, Larger Televisions Use Even
More Energy than older CRTs
500
Active
450
Low Power
400
Standby
Energy (kWh)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
N=78 of 78
N=4 of 4
N=2 of 2
N=11 of 11
CRT
LCD
Plasma
Rear Projection
TELEVISION
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
N=1 of 1
N=4 of 4
N=7 of 7
TELEVISION / DVD TELEVISION / DVD / TELEVISION / VCR
VCR
300
Desktop Computers use more
energy than today’s CRT TVs
Active
250
Low Power
Standby
Energy (kWh)
200
150
100
50
0
N=39 of 43
N=7 of 7
N=17 of 17
N=20 of 21
Desktop
Laptop
CRT
LCD
COMPUTER
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
COMPUTER DISPLAY
Computer Use
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Monitor accounts for about ½ the use
17” color monitor uses about 35% more energy than a 14”
color monitor
Laser printers draw about 1/3 of print power when on
standby– 100W or so
Screen savers don’t save energy
Laptops use a small fraction of the energy that desktops use
Activate the Power Management Functions
Turn off monitor if not using > 20 min. and both
CPU and monitor if not using for > 1 hour
Check DOE & www.energystar.gov for great stuff on this.
Power Supplies: A Growing Plug
Load Component
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Function: convert wall voltage ac to low voltage dc needed to
operate today’s digital chips, LED indicators, displays, etc.
6% to 10% of U.S. electricity flows through the nation’s 3.6
billion power supplies
Roughly 1 to 2% of U.S. electricity could be saved by
improving power supply efficiency
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$2.1 to 4.2 billion saved by consumers on their electricity bills
Prevent release of 40 to 80 million tons of CO2 into the
atmosphere
Equivalent of taking 2.3 to 4.6 million cars off the road
Equivalent of building roughly 4.5 to 9 average sized power
plants
Smart-Strip
http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Shop/Smart-Energy/Smart-Strip/
End of Baseload Training
Intro