Transcript Focusing Our Efforts

Pursuing Household Electric
Savings
In-field Short Course
Monday, April 7, 8 am -12 pm
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Rana Belshe
Conservation Connection
Consulting
Fairchild, Wisconsin
715-334-2707
A. Tamasin Sterner
Pure Energy
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
717-293-8990
In This Session We Will
 Interview occupant and explore baseload
use in home
 Ponder the intersection of residential
electricity use and carbon emissions
 Point to potential collaborators and
resources
 Discuss how to take advantage of rising
energy prices and environmental
awareness
…and We Care Because…
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Change is upon us. Price signals & mainstream environmental
awareness of Global Warming is happening.
Efficiency gains are netting zero in some places due to
population growth, increased size of houses and connected
loads.
Electric intensity per capita has more than tripled in the US
since 1960 as consumers binge on electronic technologies-communication, home entertainment, information, etc.
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions requires using less
electricity if earth is to remain a good place to live.
Successfully diagnosing and remediating high baseload use
and educating and influencing people takes time. How do we
charge for this time?
Making a Difference…
 What have we learned from our successes
and mistakes?
 What are we going to do now?
 What resources do we need to move
forward in Wisconsin?
 How does this translate to income after
taxes?
Energy Cost & Value
Fuel
Source
Crude Oil
Unit
Btu/
Unit
Unit/
Mbtu
Cost/
Unit
Cost/
Mbtu
Barrel
6,300,000
0.16
$95.00
$15.20
Gallon
140,000
7.14
$3.05
$21.78
Propane
Gallon
92,000
10.87
$3.00
$32.61
Natural Gas
Therm
100,000
10
$1.25
$12.50
Gasoline
Gallon
125,000
8
$3.00
$24.00
Mixed Wood
Cord
20,000,000
0.05
$295.00
$14.75
Electricity
kWh
3,412
293
$0.10
$29.30
Heating Oil
Cost/Unit x Unit/MBtu = Cost/Mbtu
Electricity, Emissions & Water Waste
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Adds to global
warming
Wastes water—
about ½-1 gal/kWh
from coal fired plant
Presents health risks
associated with
smog, particle and
mercury emissions
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
equivalency
coal
2.37
694
lbs/kWh lbs/MBtu
oil
628
2.14
lbs/kWh lbs/MBtu
gas
388
1.32
lbs/kWh lbs/MBtu
Water waste associated with hydroelectric:
Average 18 gallons/kWh for USA
4-6 gallons/kWh for Austin Energy in Texas
Electric energy intensity
(kWh/person) 1960 - present
Art Rosenfeld, Emerging Technologies in Energy Efficiency Conference, Oct. 2006
Baseload + Seasonal = Total
Household Electric Use
 Baseload:
Electricity used to power things used
year round
 Seasonal use: Electricity used to provide
heating, cooling, often dehumidification
The goal is to understand how a particular
household uses electricity, identify the
possibilities for reducing that use and
dialogue with the occupant for the best
possible outcomes.
Establishing Baseload Use
 Obtain (a printout of) the client’s electricity use
for at least one year, prior to the site visit.
 Separate the baseload use from the total use by
adding together the three lowest months, (not
weird numbers) dividing the sum by 3 to get an
average baseload month’s use, and then
multiplying that number by 12 months.
 This can easily be done visually from a bar
chart.
 There are lots of ways to do this.
They all work.
To “Produce Reduced Use”
We must know where they are, where
they’ve been, and what is possible.
This requires getting & using information
BEFORE & during the Home Visit:
 Monthly use/bill
 13 month consumption history
 Savings potential
 Reduction goals
Annual End Use Consumption
Ranges (kWh)
Electricity Use
Baseload
LOW
MID
HIGH
2250
5000
8000
2500
4000
4500
6000
6000
8000
750
1500
2500
2000
5000
8500
Domestic Hot Water
Hot water use, 1-3 people
Hot water use, 3-6 people
Cooling
Cooling load (total household)
Heating
Electric heat load
National averages trued up to PA utility program experience
If…. Then….
 If any category of use is low, save your
time and energy and focus where the use
is Mid or HIGH
Baseload as a Building
Science Systems Issue
One example:
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Recessed lights are holes in the
envelope, most of which leak air
Local hot spot enhances exfiltration
forces
A 13 watt bulb increases air flow
through a leaky can by 60% when it’s
on, a 50 watt bulb by 170% and a
100 watt bulb by 400%!
Larry Kinney, Synertech Systems Inc
Baseload is a Waste & Pollution
Systems Issue
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Over a five year period, an incandescent bulb uses
electricity equal to 10 mg of mercury emissions from a
coal-fired plant.
A CFL may contain 4 mg of mercury, but “uses” only 2.4
mg of emissions from electricity.
Mercury in a CFL is contained and is recycled with proper
disposal*. Once out of the smokestack mercury is
uncontrollable.
Electricity generated from coal-fired plants is only 33%
efficient at the plug. The rest of the source energy is
“wasted” in generation, transmission, & distribution losses.
* www.Earth911.org
U.S. EAP 2002
Savings Follows Waste
Total electricity use relates directly
to potential electricity savings
Typical High Potential Baseload
Circumstances
 Time on – 24/7 adds up quickly
 High demand / power (kW)
 Poor control strategies
 Not known to be operating
 Faulty equipment
 Intermittent use
 Hidden loads
 Lots of people in the household
Top Reasons for High Baseload Use
from a Recent Study
 High number of occupants
 Hot water leaks in pipes, fixtures or water heater
 Long shower time
 Very inefficient refrigerators/freezers
 Multiple refrigerators/freezers
 24 hour a day lighting or lots of them
 Other mechanical, appliance or electronics
issues: computers on 24/7; air handlers ‘on’;
ceiling fans on 24/7
MCC Pilot 2006
Sample Use-Cost Calculations
 Circulating furnace fans on 24/7(@400-600W)
500W x 24 hours x 365 days x .001kW/W =
4,380 kWh/yr @$.10 = $438 per year
 Radon exhaust fan in attached garage per EPA
IAQ house standards (@80-125W)
100W x 8760 hrs/yr x .001kW/W = 876 kWh/yr
@ $.10 = $88 per year
Kill A Watt EZ (kWh) Meter
Displays:
Volts
Amps
VA
Hertz
Power Factor
kWh
Cost
Elapsed Time
www.p3international.com
Savings Results- Pennsylvania
 2% to 22% for recent years
 Up to 37% savings in the beginning years due to
replacing very old refrigerators
 16% of PA households have baseload electric
bills greater than $1,500 (Carroll, 2007)
 Opportunities are missed by generically
assigning a savings goal of 10% to 15%; best
practice is to set site specific goals.
 Highly related to pre-treatment use
What does my bill pay for?
Plug Load Energy Use is
Increasing
U.S. delivered residential energy consumption by end use,
2001, 2004, 2015, and 2030 (million Btu per household)
Source: Energy Information Administration 2006
The Vexing Challenges of
Lifestyle & Behavior
 The number of occupants impacts use.
 Occupant choices can make a 10 to 1 difference
in total use.
 Changing operating behaviors, such as control
settings, fewer hours of use, more efficient
appliances, can make a big difference.
 Thoughtless or emergency purchasing
decisions— multiple units, features, size– can
have unintended consequences and use.
Power Supplies: A Growing Plug
Load Component
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Function: convert wall voltage ac to low voltage dc needed to
operate today’s digital chips, LED indicators, displays, etc.
6% to 10% of U.S. electricity flows through the nation’s 3.6
billion power supplies
Roughly 1 to 2% of U.S. electricity could be saved by
improving power supply efficiency
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$2.1 to 4.2 billion saved by consumers on their electricity bills
Prevent release of 40 to 80 million tons of CO2 into the
atmosphere
Equivalent of taking 2.3 to 4.6 million cars off the road
Equivalent of building roughly 4.5 to 9 average sized power
plants
IT
Average Share of Resident ial Plug Load
Energy Use by Product
Cat Important
egory
and Entertainment
are
to
Address
Informat ion
t echnology
31%
Ot her
9%
Ent ert ainment
60%
Small
appliances
5%
Telephony
2%
Lighting
1%
Power
1%
Personal
hygiene
0.4%
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
My Big Gulp:
Home Entertainment Center
Energy Star 37” LCD TV
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1W Stdby, 149 W On
VCR/DVD
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7 W Stdby, 17W On
Cable Box, HDTV DVR
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25 W Stdby, 35 W On
Power
strip
Saves 0.5
kWh/day
Stereo/Home Theater
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2 W Stdby, 65 W On
CD Player
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2 W Stdby, 10 W On
Sub-woofer
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7 W Stdby, 15 W On
Danny Parker, FSEC, 2006
Smart-Strip
http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Shop/Smart-Energy/Smart-Strip/
Efficient Home Office
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Home computer, Screen,
printer and DSL box, speakers,
wireless router
My home 25 Watts standby
Smart Power Strip from WattStopper (1 Watt standby)
Senses occupancy: time delay
30 sec. To 30 min.
Turns off all but CPU when no
occupancy after time delay
Retail: $15
Assume 12 hour increase in
“off” time= 0.3 kWh/day saved
Payback in 14 months
Danny Parker, FSEC, 2006
Our Remote TV Nation
ACI HP Conf 2007; www.efficientproducts.org
1200 kWh for 2 TVs
ACI HP Conf 2007; www.efficientproducts.org
Newer, Larger Televisions Use Even
More Energy than older CRTs
500
Active
450
Low Power
400
Standby
Energy (kWh)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
N=78 of 78
N=4 of 4
N=2 of 2
N=11 of 11
CRT
LCD
Plasma
Rear Projection
TELEVISION
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
N=1 of 1
N=4 of 4
N=7 of 7
TELEVISION / DVD TELEVISION / DVD / TELEVISION / VCR
VCR
300
Desktop Computers use more
energy than today’s CRT TVs
Active
250
Low Power
Standby
Energy (kWh)
200
150
100
50
0
N=39 of 43
N=7 of 7
N=17 of 17
N=20 of 21
Desktop
Laptop
CRT
LCD
COMPUTER
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
COMPUTER DISPLAY
Computer Use
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Monitor accounts for about ½ the use
17” color monitor uses about 35% more energy than a 14”
color monitor
Laser printers draw about 1/3 of print power when on
standby– 100W or so
Screen savers don’t save energy
Laptops use a small fraction of the energy that desktops use
Activate the Power Management Functions
Turn off monitor if not using > 20 min. and both
CPU and monitor if not using for > 1 hour
Check DOE & www.energystar.gov for great stuff on this.
From the Field:
Missed Opportunities
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Hot water leaks
Extra lighting
Freezers or multiple
refrigerators
Medical equipment
Portable appliances
Broken appliances
Heavy-duty battery
chargers
Ventilation equipment
Pressure tank problems
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Waterbed heaters
Failing motors
Dehumidifiers set too high
Forgotten heaters in crawl
spaces
Ice makers running without
water hookup
Washers always using hot
water
Many occupants
Air handler fans on 24/7
Power supplies aka “Wall
warts”
Limited Residential
Carbon Focus
Electricity
Water
& Hot Water
Heating &
Cooking
Whole Household Carbon
Gasoline
Food
Electricity
Consumer Goods
Water
Heating & Cooking
Garbage
www.riot4austerity.org
Carbon Footprint
A carbon footprint is a "measure of
the impact human activities have on the
environment in terms of the amount of
green house gases (GHG) produced,
measured in units of equivalent carbon
dioxide (CO2e).”
See also: Ecological Footprint
Adjusted wikipedia
Carbon per Capita Pounds/Day
Austria 16
Canada 32
Ireland 18
Mexico 6
Mongolia 5
Netherlands 27
NZ 15
Nigeria 1
Norway 19
Senegal 1
Sweden 11
Venezuela 10
AK 114
AZ 18
CA 18
CO 26
DC 32
MA 22
MD 23
NY 18
OR 19
VA 27
VT 17
WA 21
World average: 7 lbs/day
Ave American: 33 lbs/day
Ave Wisconsin:31 lbs/day
EIA website
Communicating About Carbon
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Alliance for Climate Protection www.climateprotect.org
Union of Concerned Scientists www.ucsusa.org
Environmental Defense Fund www.fightglobalwarming.com
www.safeclimate.net/calculator
www.earthlab.com/carbonProfile/LiveEarth.htm?ver=14
2030 Challenge www.architecture2030.org
Regreen www.regreenprogram.org
Breathing Earth www.breathingearth.net/
Energy Star www.energystar.gov
Feedback Welcome!
A.Tamasin Sterner
717-293-8990
[email protected]
Rana Belshe
715-334-2707
[email protected]