Transcript After his return from Japan, Frank lloyd Wright gave many

“Father of Modern Architecture”= Louis Sullivan
Form follows function
Steel skeleton
Light-filled, well-ventilated
Industrial meets ornamentation
Regularity of window placement
Emphasis on verticality- pilasters extend upward
Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY, 1895
The mother art
is architecture.
Without an architecture
of our own we have
no soul of our
own civilization.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Organic Architecture
‘ORGANIC’ = Frank Lloyd Wright philosophy
of architecture as early as 1908.
It was an extension of the teachings of his mentor Louis Sullivan
whose slogan “form follows function” became the mantra of
modern architecture.
Wright changed this phrase to “form and function are one,” using
nature as the best example of this integration.
Frank Lloyd Wright
ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
– Integral to Site - houses designed to rise up out of
the site as it belonged.
– Integral to environment - built appropriately to
climate.
– Integral to Individual - Each building built to
accommodate the lifestyle of the inhabitants way of life
and needs.
– Integral to Materials - details of the building were the
material themselves
• ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE= respect for properties of
materials—you don’t twist steel into a flower—and a
respect for the harmonious relationship between the
form/design and the function of the building.
• Wright rejected the idea of making a bank look like a
Greek temple.
• ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE= attempt to integrate the
spaces into a coherent whole: a marriage between the
site and the structure and a union between the context
and the structure.
• Kaufmann House
• House of Falling Water, 1939
PRAIRIE STYLE
Frank Lloyd Wright
• Prairie houses were
characterized by low,
horizontal lines that were
meant to blend with the flat
landscape around them.
• Typically, these structures
were built around a central
chimney, consisted of broad
open spaces instead of strictly
defined rooms, and blurred
distinction between interior
space and surrounding terrain.
• Cantilevering
•Robie House, Chicago, 1909
INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Walter Gropius
Germany
Le Corbusier
France
Ludwig Mies van Rohe
Germany
INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE
• Mirrors early 20th century development visual arts
• Grew out of Bauhaus movement
• Merging of Aesthetics with functionality
• Louis Sullivan, Walter Gropius
• Mass produced materials, economical, functional, efficient society,
urban center
Walter Gropius/ Bauhaus,
Fagus Shoe Factory,
Germany
1913
International Style
Identifying characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Concrete, Glass, Steel = International Style Holy Trinity
Skeleton and skin
Exposing its structure
Rejected non-essential decoration & historical reference
Ribbon windows
Corner windows
Bands of glass
Balance, regularity, symmetry, rectilinear
Right angles
Flat roof, without ledges
Mies van der Rohe & Phillip Johnson,
Seagram Building, New York, 1958
• German, rejects Pre WWII
historical references
• “Less is More”
• New York Buildings
– Lake Shore Drive Apts.
– United Nations Bldg.
• “Successful relationship of
parts of each and the whole”
• Skeletal, bronze and amber
windows, set back from street,
on stilts, weightless/sturdy
INTERNATIONAL STYLE HOMES
• Le Corbusier
• Villa Savoye,
• France, 1929
Philip Johnson home,
Glass House
Connecticut, 1949
Post Modern Architecture
•
•
•
•
•
•
Breaks with Modernist restrictiveness
Embraces eclecticism, sometimes whimsical
It’s expansive and inclusive
Self conscious
Rejects the simplicity of International Style
Sometimes references
Classical past in fun ways
• Philip Johnson
• AT&T Building, NY
• 1980
•
•
•
•
•
Michael Graves
Portland Building
Portland, OR
1980
Rogers & Piano, Pompidou Center, Paris, 1977
Deconstructivism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Seeks to disorient observer
Shatters expectations
Dissonance, asymmetry, irregularity
Parts more important that whole
Chaotic
Disassociates from function
Speaks to absence of stability
• Gunter Behnisch
• Hysolar Building
• Stuttgart, Germany, 1987
• Frank Gehry
• Guggenheim Museum
• Bilbao, Spain, 1997
Vlado Milunić (w F. Gehry)
Dancing House
(Fred and Ginger)
Prague, 1995