Transcript 20th Century Architecture

TWENTIETH CENTURY
ARCHITECTURE
Frank Lloyd Wright
• Organic relationship between the structure
and the site
• Hearth should be the core of a house
• Extensive use of cantilevered balconies and
roofs
• Most famous homes-Robie House and
Fallingwater
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Robie House,
Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1909.
"natural" Architecture
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Kaufmann House
(Fallingwater), Bear Run, Pennsylvania,
1936-1939.
Art Nouveau
Extensive use of plant-like imagery
Tassel House by Victor Horta
Floors, walls, and stairs decorated with plant
motifs
Metal columns and railings have plant-like
designs
Casa Mila by Antonio Gaudi
Influenced by cliff and sands of Spanish coast
Undulating facade, use of plant-like designs
De Stijl
• Developed
in Holland in 1920s
• Sleek appearance devoid of
embellishments
•Flat planes, basic geometric shapes,
straight lines
•Efficient designs; functional furniture
Schroder House by Gerrit Rietveld
Use of basic shapes and colors-rectangles,
primary colors
Similar to Mondrian paintings
The Bauhaus
Key Points
School of art and architecture from 19191933
Taught modern concepts of design
Curriculum combined art, crafts, and
architecture
Principles taught at Bauhaus inspired
International Style
WALTER GROPIUS, Shop Block, the Bauhaus,
Dessau, Germany, 1925-1926.
Famous section of the Bauhaus
Example of modern architecture
Extensive use of windows to provide natural light and
air
Moveable interior walls; flexible space
The International Style
Key Points
Based upon Mies van der Rohe's principle:
"Less is more."
Architecture should be practical and
functional; no unnecessary exterior
decoration
Use modern materials and support
methods-glass, steel, and cantilevers
Le Corbusier-Villa Savoye; home should be a
"machine for living;" basic geometric shapes and flat
planes.
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE and PHILIP JOHNSON,
Seagram Building, New York, 1956-1958.
Post-Modern Architecture
(1980s)
Key Points
Critical of Modernist architecture; too
impersonal and sterile"Less is a bore"
Architecture should consider an area's
history and diversity
Very eclectic-borrows from a number of
style
Pompidou Centre by Piano and Rogers-exposes the structure's interior supports
Portland Building by Michael Graves-uses
different shapes, colors, and materials on building's
surface
AT&T Building by Philip Johnson-combines elements of
International Style (sleek lines; efficient use of space,
minimal surface decoration) with such classical
elements as large round arch and pediment
Deconstructivist Architecture
Key Points
Emphasizes the instability of life and society-no
universal concepts and ideas
Uses unique forms, harsh angles, and new
materials to create unstable designs that shock the
viewer
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, by Frank
Gehry
Titanium surface-light, strong, highly reflective
Futurist appearance-swooping, sharp angles
Asymmetrical composition-lacks balance and order
associated with Modernism