Transcript History of Design 1/30/2006

History of Design
1/30/2006
Group 1
Nolan Tarkington
Casey Candelaria
Matthew Burmester
Daniel Bridgers
Topics to be Covered
Product Design and Manufacture:
Chapter 1
– History of Design
Process
Evolution
– Examples of different styles of design
Styles of Design
Primitive
Egypt
Greece
Rome
Vikings
Gothic
Renaissance
18th Century
Colonial
19th Century
Arts and Crafts
Art Nouveau
De Stijl
Bauhaus
Modern Design
The Primitive
First records of
human design and
innovation.
Designs used to carry
out everyday activities
and to better life.
Used simple materials
such as wood, stone,
and bone.
Arrowhead – Fashioned
from stone or other hard
material. Used for
hunting.
Egyptians (ca. 4000 – 300 B.C.)
Pyramids at Giza –
Ancient burial structures
for Egyptian kings. They
have a unique design on
their structure as well as
their construction.
Influenced later
civilizations’ designs.
New construction
techniques such as
the dovetail and
dowel.
Innovation on tools
such as the bow lathe
and bow drill.
Greece (ca. 450 – 404B.C.)
Influenced
architecture and
design of buildings.
Expanded concepts
of Math and Science.
Bronze was
incorporated into the
materials for design
and manufacture.
The Acropolis – Many
temples built in one area
in Ancient Greece. Many
of them considered
architectural masterpieces
of the time.
Rome (ca. 600 B.C. – 400 A.D.)
The Coliseum – Built in 80
A.D. as an entertainment
center for Rome, it has
been restored for future
generations as an
architectural masterpiece.
Influenced by the
Greeks with their own
added touches.
Roman motifs in
design later
influenced rigid
Gothic design.
Vikings (800 – 1000 A.D.)
Designs were often
needed to adapt to
surroundings and
environment.
Designs very different
to Greek and Roman
designs.
Viking Ship - Very important to
travel and communication.
Offered evidence of the Vikings’
ability to design both technically
and artistically.
Gothic (1100-1500)
Church played
dominant role
– Typically Discouraged
Individualism
Centered in France
Variety of pointed
arches
Design was focused
vertically
Gothic Church
Very tall and narrow (vertical)
Many pointed arches
Renaissance (1400 – 1700)
Marked transition from
medieval to modern
Began in Italy
Used large amounts of
Greek and Roman Carvings
Rejection of Gothic style
– Went away from vertical
design
Artists worked on
everything from furniture to
armor
Renaissance
Style Chair
Wooden carvings
Baroque Style
Occurred within
Renaissance
Period of greater
artistic freedom
Formal and Stately
Baroque Style Door
Increased decoration
18th Century
Golden Age of Furniture
Georgian Group
– Chippendale  carvings, occasional sacrifice of comfort
for style
– Hepplewhite  known for oval and shield backs on chairs
– Sheraton
 known for many straight perpendicular lines
Provincial Style
– Mostly French
– Known for absence of intricate detail
18th Century Examples
Chippendale Style
Carved decorations
Appearance over comfort
Hepplewhite Style
Common use of shield
shaped back
More 18th Century Examples
Sheraton Style
Provincial Style
Straight perpendicular lines
No intricate decoration
Colonial
Early colonists carried
European building styles and
techniques to America.
Early colonial design has no
definitive style because of the
melding of so many cultures.
Over time Colonial style
emerged out of restrictions in
materials and time. It was
practical, sturdy, yet seldom
unattractive
“salt box” style house
inspired by Flemish
design
“cape
cod” style
house
inspired
by
English
design
Windsor style chair
Shaker style chair
19th Century
Age of the industrial revolution
More people have more money and time which allow them to be
concerned with fashion and design.
Mass production of furniture begins.
Manufactures began to go “wild” with extravagant ornamentation
and as time moved on designers began to grow dissatisfied with the
absurdity of the current styles.
Chair by Duncan
Phyfe, one of
Americas 1st great
Furniture designers.
Contemporary Design
Came as a reaction to the
opulence of 19th century
design.
Products designed from a
standpoint of function,
materials, and appearance.
Four contemporary
movements that shaped
modern design:
–
–
–
–
Arts and Crafts
Art Nouveau
De Stijl
Bauhaus
Arts and Crafts style chair
Example of Art
Nouveau design.
De Stijl design
Signature Bauhaus design piece
Arts and Crafts
Reaction to low quality,
machine made items.
Begun by the Morris, Marshall,
Faulkner and Company, Fine
Art Workmen in Painting,
Carving, Furniture and Metals
who stressed workmanship
and hand crafting.
Failed to force a total return to
hand made, but had far
reaching effects.
Examples of
Mission
Style design
Art Nouveau (New Art)
Starting in the turn of the 20th century Art
Nouveau was the first conscious attempt to
develop a non-historical style of art and
architecture.
Considered the “anti-movement” of historical
style, Art Nouveau flourished in France and
Belgium but never succeeded as a permanent
style in design.
Designers Associated with the movement
– Gaillard, Van de Velde, Guimard, Mackintosh and
Tiffany.
Examples of Art Nouveau
Furniture by Eugene Gaillard
Examples of Art Nouveau
Chairs by Van de
Velde on left and
Mackintosh on right
Examples of Art Nouveau
Example of a Peacock
Vase by Tiffany
De Stijl (The Style)
Starting in Holland
during the First World
War there were three
distinct principals
associated with De Stijl:
– Form  Rectangle was
predominant
– Composition  Occult or
asymmetric balance
– Color  The colors red blue and
yellow were most common
Painting by Van der Leck
De Stijl (The Style)
Starting in Holland
during the First World
War there were three
distinct principals
associated with De Stijl:
– Form  Rectangle was
predominant
– Composition  Occult or
asymmetric balance
– Color  The colors red, blue and
yellow were most common
Building designed
by J. J. P. Oud
Bauhaus (Building House)
Bauhaus was an organization founded in Germany in
1919 by Walter Gropius. The organization was a
school with the intention of creating forms symbolizing
the Machine Age that would unify art and technology.
The Bauhaus Program
Bauhaus existed from 1919 to 1933 and students were
taught the basics of form theory all the way up to
building and design experience with courses ranging
in duration from 6 months to over 3 years.
The Bauhaus Program
Bauhaus existed from 1919 to 1933 and students were
taught the basics of form theory all the way up to
building and design experience with courses ranging
in duration from 6 months to over 3 years.
The Bauhaus Program
Bauhaus existed from 1919 to 1933 and students were
taught the basics of form theory all the way up to
building and design experience with courses ranging
in duration from 6 months to over 3 years.
Modern Design
There is a general set of accepted guideline principals for
modern design:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Production materials should be used honestly, taking full advantage of
their unique attributes and never making them seem to what they are
not.
Products should be functional, useful and expressive of their intended
purposes.
Products should incorporate the latest advances in material science,
computer applications and process technology, and extract the most
from those that are traditional and familiar.
Products should be derived from new combinations of form, color and
texture to enhance both their functions and appearances.
Products should be expressions of the prevailing aesthetic of our age.
Products should express the techniques used to make them, not
disguising machine production as simulated handcrafting or
camouflaging integral elements such as fasteners.
Products should be devoid of unnecessary or extraneous decoration or
embellishment.
Modern Design
Review
Primitive
Egyptian
Grecian
Roman
Vikings
Gothic
Renaissance
18th Century
Colonial
19th Century
Arts and Crafts
Art Nouveau
De Stijl
Bauhaus
Modern Design
References
Product Design and Manufacture by John R. Lindbeck. Prentice-Hall,
1995
http://www.latribunedelart.com/Expositions_2004/Gaillard__Chambre.JPG
http://www.qdesign.co.nz/designhist_artnou.html
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/artnouveau/en/nature.htm
http://www.holland.com/us/whatson/events/mondrian.html
http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMT668/EMAT6680.2000/Umberger/MATH72
10/SymmArch/Translational/Translational.html
http://www.zakros.com/mica/emacF03/Bauhaus.jpeg
http://www.mworx.at/photo/architect.htm
http://www.kmtspace.com/kmt/bauhaus2.htm
http://www.importedfurnishings.com/
http://www.moderncollections.com/index.asp
www.stokely.org/200206-germany/page7.html
mijnposter.nl/thumbs/trefwoord.html
http://www.brights-interiors.com/Media/ShieldbackChairs.jpg
References (cont.)
http://www.rpi.edu/~turcoj/Timeline/Art%20History/
http://naturecoast.com/hobby/bil518.htm
http://www.gafurniturereproductions.com/inventory/WVCZ40.htm
http://rencodesign.com/html/chairs_exec.html
http://www.chipstone.org/publications/1994AF/Hechscher94/1994HP2
2.html
http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21101/00/lk01a105.jpg
http://www.fossilmall.com/assets.arrowhead.jpg
http://www.fuhsd.net/schools/fhs/teachers/lzastrow/images/ancient%2
0rome/rome%20colosseum.jpg
http://www.b4ubuild.com/photos/misc/houses_019.html
http://www.amherstmuseum.org/saltbox.htm
http://www.artisticlicense.org/members/zito/12.html
http://www.harveyclar.com/archive/year_2005/july2005/na_furniture_a
.html
http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/destijl/decstijl.htm
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phla/hd_phla.htm
http://www.pegrack.com/catalog.php?item=129&ret=index.php