Transcript Country report on Water Resources Demand Management for

Country report on
Water Resources Demand
Management for Irrigation
Presented by
Mr.Thong Sokvongsa, Deputy Chief Office
Mr. Khun Sovithea, Technical Officer
Ministry of Environment, CAMBODIA
26-28 July 2011,Bankok, Thailand
Introduction
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Cambodia is located in
Southeast Asia between
Latitudes 10 and 15 North and
Longitudes 102 and 108 East
It has an area of 181 035 km2
Lao PDR in the North
Thailand in the North and
Northwest
Vietnam in the East and
Southeast
And by the Gulf of Thailand to
the Southwest
Introduction (cont)
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Wet (May-October)
Dry (Nov-April)
rainfall 1300 mm/year
85 % of total population are farmers.
Rice is the most important crop in Cambodia.
Average yield 2 T/ha
Population and Key Socio-economic
Indicators
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Total population 14.08 million, 52.2% are female and 47.8%
are male;
An average growth 1.81%;
Population density of 79% per sq. km;
85.% living in rural area, 15% in urban area and 6.9% in
Phnom Penh
Some Key socio-economic Indicators: GDP: 2007: 8.2 B USD,
per capita: 550$
Agriculture: 34% (down from 46% in 1997)
Industry: 27% (major contribution: Garment)
Services: 39% (major contribution: Tourism)
Based on MOP, May 2007
Land
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The Country consisting of 23 provinces and 1 capital
and divided into 185 districts;
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59% (11 million ha) is classified as forest area;
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21% (3.78 million ha) is cultivated areas and
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91.2% are occupied by paddy cultivation
Water Resource Potential in Cambodia
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Water Resource
Main Stream
Mekong Tributaries
Mekong Flooded Area
Tonle Sap Tributaries
Outside Mekong Basin
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Total
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Irrigated Area (ha)
734,000
253,000
179,000
358,900
142,000
1,667,300
Tonle Sap Basin: River & Irrigation
Existing Irrigation
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MORAM estimated that the existing
irrigation covered at 1.05 M ha
160,000 ha served by small scale scheme
620,000 ha served by medium scale
scheme
270,000 ha served by large scale scheme
Only 56% of that irrigated are effective
served
Effective irrigation cover 590,000 ha
Water Use In Cambodia
(Million m³ /Year)
Policy and Program
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National water resources policy
Law on WRM (2007)
National water sector profile
Water resources Road map,
National water resources strategy
National Environmental Action Plan
Strategies
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Technical Working Group for Agriculture and Water
Resources
Joint Strategy for Agriculture and Water 2006-2010
(MAFF and MOWRAM Feb 07)
Framework for FWUC
National Programme for Household Food Security and
Poverty Reduction 2007-2011 (MAFF, Jun 06)
IWRM strategy (MOWRAM, 06)
Cambodia Millennium Development Goals 2003 (Nov03)
National Poverty Reduction Strategy 2003-2005 (Nov 02)
Goals of Water Resources Policy
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The goals of water Resources policy is to ensure
effective and sustainable management of water
resources in the further 20 years.
More specifically are:
To protect, manage and use of water with effective,
equitable and sustainable manner,
To foresee and take measure to assist related
institution to settle the facing problems which might
be occurred in water sector,
Goals of Water Resources Policy (Cont)
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To develop and implement the national strategy
and formulate the national policy and sector policy
on water resources management;
To direct the water resources development,
management and utilization in the Kingdom of
Cambodia to all activities of institutions, private
sector and public sector,
To improve and uplift the people living to achieve
the national policy on poverty reduction and
sustainable national economy development
Priorities Direction of NWRP
1. To provide farmers with the quantity and quality of water they
need, when and where they need it, and within the limits of
available water resources and technology.
2. To promote the rehabilitation and construction of irrigation,
drainage, and flood management infrastructure, in order to
provide sufficient water for agricultural production and to
alleviate the adverse consequences of excess water.
3. To promote the development and extension of appropriate
water management technologies that are particularly suited to
rain-fed agricultural areas, such as water harvesting,
improvements to the moisture-holding capacities of soils and
use of farm ponds.
Priorities Direction of NWRP ( Cont)
4. To strengthen and expand Farmer Water User
Communities, to enable them to participate in water
management and allocation and to maintain irrigation
infrastructure with effectiveness and sustainability.
5.To minimize the impact on the water resources caused
by the uses of chemical substances in the agricultural
production by encouraging people to implement
diversified agriculture and Integrated Pest
Management (IPM).
Priorities Direction of NWRP ( Cont)
6. Introduction and implementation of IWRM concept
into the priority river basin by establishing RBO.
A number of other policy points in the NWRP have
much relevance to water management for agriculture,
related to resource management on the basis of river
basins, equitable sharing and allocation of water, and
the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.
Law on Water Resources Management
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The general purpose of this Law is to foster the effective
and sustainable management of the water resources of the
Kingdom of Cambodia to attain socio-economic
development and the welfare of the people.
- The rights and obligations of water users,
- The fundamental principles of water resources
management, and
- The participation of users and their associations in the
sustainable development of water resources.
Under Law on Water Resources
Management
4 Sub-decrees were identified :
River Basin Management
 Water Allocation and Licensing
 Water Quality
 Farmer Water User Community
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Institutional Involve with River Basin
Management
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Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology
Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Industry, Mine and Energy
Ministry of Rural Development
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Cambodia National Mekong Committee
Lesson learned
ADB and AFD Funding Projects
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Key indicators to assess quality of the water management organization
i) the institutional link between the management
body, users, and local authorities
ii ) presence/absence of an operation plan
iii) presence/absence of a maintenance plan
iv) gap between theoretical operation and/or
maintenance plan s and reality
v) presence/absence of rules and regulations and the
capacity of the management body to enforce them
 Two major challenges for irrigation management bodies
a) remaintenance and
b) internal rules and regulations.
Lesson Learned
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(cont)
FWUC capacity building requires time, so that leaders and
users capacity can be increased. Skills that need to be
developed by FWUC leaders relates to:
1) irrigation scheme operation capacity (how to control
water, share it amongst users with equity),
2) maintenance capacity (what job should be done and
when, how to make a contract with an entrepreneur,
how to control the quality of the maintenance work)
3) accounting capacity (how to keep clear accounts of
fee collection and expenditures)
4 ) financing capacity (how to build the fee amount, how
to collect a good rate)
5) enforcement capacity (what and how to enforce)
Problems and Challenges
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Inadequate legislation framework
Institutional capacity building remain limited at both national
and provincial level
Institutional structure and arrangement: limited coordination
among water-related institutions
Unplanned urban and industrial development
Water resource management is not undertaken in an integrated
manner
Assistance Required
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Capacity building for government
officers at both national and
provincial level
Law enforcement
Thanks for your attention !