Transcript Industrial Age

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What happened to Sitting Bull during his life?
Why didn’t assimilation work for the Native
Americans?
List several things that caused the decline of the
cattle frontier.
Why did bonanza farms spring up in the 1870’s?
List several problems that lead to the populist
movement.
In the “Cross of Gold Speech” (405)- what does
William Jennings Bryan say about cities?
Industrial Revolution
• Definition:
– Social and economic changes in society.
Result of development of large scale
industrial production.
• Great Britain:
– Started here in 1700’s. Result of
advances in technology, diet, medicine
and sanitation.
Industrial Revolution
• United States:
– Good resources; rushing rivers, coal
and iron deposits and people.
Embargo act of 1812 result in a turn
toward American made products.
• New England:
– Citizens had depended on shipping
and foreign trade for income. Textile
(clothes) factories move in. (Samuel
Slater)
Changes in Agriculture
• Territories
– Established small farms
and grew usually only
what they needed.
• Why were there few
slaves?
• North
– Raised one of two types
crops or livestock sold
the extra and used the
money to buy what they
did not produce.
• Why were their so few
slaves?
• 1804 almost all northern
states abolish slavery
Industrial Age
Wealth and Corruption
• Nations Wealth in
the hands of few
• Expansion West
Required
– Land
(Government)
– Labor
(Immigrants)
– Steel (Carnegie)
– Capital (Morgan)
Corruption Abounds
• 1872 Credit Mobilier
Scandal
– Oaks Ames
Massachusetts
congressmen director of
Union Pacific Railroad
• Created Company
called Credit Mobiler
of America
• Charged $94 Million
for $44 Million worth of
work
• Kick Backs
– Schuyler Colfax and
Henry Wilson (Vice
Presidents under
Grant)
Corruption Abounds
• Whiskey Ring Scandal
– Government Official get
kickback from whisky
distillers
– Grant's personal
secretary involved
• Bureau of Indian Affairs
– Administration officials
bribed
– Indians got rotten food
when fed at all
Robber Barons
• The “Great thieves
of the Generation”
– Biggest Business
men of the time
• Jay Gould
• Commodore
Cornelius
Vanderbilt
• Andrew Carnegie
• John D. Rockefeller
Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt
• Commodore Cornelius
Vanderbilt (1794-1877)
– Built up Ferry business
into steamship empire
– Expanded into Railroad
– Using Graft and briberybuilt New York Central
into largest single railroad
line
• Left son $100 Million
dollars
Jay Gould
• Jay Gould (1836-1892)
– Built up large Rail empire
– Made millions selling
shoddy blankets to Union
during war
– Tried to manipulate Gold
Market
• Grant counteracted by
flooding market
resulting in depression
J.P. Morgan
• John Peirpont Morgan
(1837-1913)
– “The Banker’s Banker”
– Loaned money to US
Government
– Loaned money to most
Railroads
• 1900 he owned Half of
Railroads
– Practiced Vertical and
Horizontal Integration to
increase rail profit
• Great Philanthropist
Andrew Carnegie
• Andrew Carnegie (18351919)
– Rags to riches story
– Introduced Bessemer
Process to the United
States
• Practiced Vertical and
Horizontal Integration
• Controlled Steel
Industry in US
• Sold Steel business to
J.P. Morgan for nearly
$500 Million
– Famous for being antiunion
– Philanthropist
• Gave away $350 million
dollars
John D. Rockefeller
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John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937)
– Started in Oil Business after
being asked to research it
– First company South
Improvement Company forced
out of business due to corruption
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Starts Standard Oil in 1870
– Used bribery to secure
Horizontal integration
– 1879 owned 98 to 95 percent of
oil industry
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Invented the Trust
– Companies tuned over stock
to a board of trustees and
received dividends
– Avoided laws on merging
• Philanthropist
– Gave away over $500 Million
Urbanization
Immigration
• Millions head to the United States
– Poverty
– Famine
– Land Shortages
– Religions or political persecution
– Temporarily make money and sent it
back
Immigration
• Europe 1870-1920
– 20 Million
– Jews flee areas
like Russia
– Europe population
exploded
– Desire of political
stability and
independence
Immigration
• China
– 1851-1883 200,000
Chinese
– Search for gold
– Work on Railroad
– Limited in 1882
• Japan
– US annexes Hawaii in
1898
– Japanese from Hawaii
– 1920 200,000 in US
Immigration
• West Indies
– 1880-1920 260,000
– Jamaica Cuba,
Puerto Rico
– Scarce Jobs
• Mexio
– Some Mexicans were
annexed into the US
– Political Turmoil
Immigration
• Ellis Island New York
– Place to Process Immigrants
• 20% were detained
• 2% sent home
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Had to pass physical
Pass literacy test
Prove they could work
Had to have at least 25 dollars
– 1892-1943 16 million
– 1905-07 11,000 a day
Immigration
• Angel Island San
Francisco Bay
– 1910-1940 50,000
Chinese
– Harsh questioning
– Long detentions
– Poor conditions
View Fong See
1. How would you describe Fong See? Use
details from the video.
2. Why do you think Fong See yearned for
his native country even after living in
the Unites States for nearly 50 years?
3. The video includes a variety of images
of working Chinese. Describe one
example and tell what it conveys about
the Chinese immigrant experience in
the late 19th century.
Terms
• Melting Pot
– Mixture of people of different
cultures and races who blended
together by abandoning their
native languages and customs.
• Nativism
– Overt favoritism towards
native-born Americans.
• Chinese Exclusion Act 1882– Banned all Chinese for ten
years
– Extended until 1943
• Gentlemen's Agreement 19071908
– Teddy Roosevelt convinced
Japan shut down emigration
Picture Brides
Segregation and Discrimination
African American Discrimination
• Post Reconstruction
South
– Voting Restrictions
– Literacy Test
• Harsher Test for Blacks
– Poll Tax
• Annual voting tax
– Grandfather Clause
• Could vote if father or
grandfather voted
before 1867
African American Discrimination
• Jim Crow Laws
– Laws passed by
Southern states to
separate white and
black people in public
and private facilities
• Segregation
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Schools
Hospitals
Parks
transportation
African American Discrimination
• Plessey V. Ferguson
1896
– Homer A Plessy
• Denied a Seat
– Supreme Court Case
• “Separation of the races
in public
accommodations was
legal and did not violate
the Fourteenth
Amendment.”
African American Discrimination
• Violators of Jim
Crow laws
– Lose job
– Lynched
• An illegal
execution, without
a trial, carried out
by a mob
• 1885-1900 2,500
African-American
Killed
Laura Nelson
Progressivism
Progressive Movement
• Progressives
– Wanted to fix the many
social problems brought
on by industrialization
– Different from populism
• Protect Social Welfare
• Promote Moral
Improvement
• Create Economic
Reform
• Foster Efficiency
Protecting Social Welfare
• Social Welfare
– Young Men’s Christian
Association
• Libraries
• Classes
• Built swimming pools
– The Salvation Army
• Soup Kitchens
• Cared for children
• Preached about
temperance
Promoting Social Reform
• Changing Morality
– Prohibition
– Woman's Christian
Temperance Movement
• Opened Kindergartens for
Immigrants
• Visited inmates in prison
and asylums
• Worked for suffrage
– Anti Saloon League 1895
• Angered Immigrants
Cary Nation
Economic Reform
• Attacks on Big
business
– Laissez-faire not
fair
– Muckrakers
• Journalists wrote
about the corrupt
side of business
Fostering Efficiency
• Increase nations
productivity
– Scientific
management
• Effort to improve
efficiency in the
work place and
Government
Government Reforms
• Government Reforms
– Turned private utilities
over to the public
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Gas
Water
Transit lines
Workers Rights
Child Labor
– Keating Owen Act
1916
– Succeeded in limiting
maximum working
hours
Coal Miners
Coal Processing Plant
Ecuador
Nepal
Government Reforms
• Working Hours
– Muller v Oregon
• Limited working
hours of women to
10
– Bunting v Oregon
• 1917 limited men to
10 hours
– Workers
compensation
Women's Suffrage
• Suffrage
– Right to vote
– Susan B. Anthony
– Three Part Plan
• Convince State
legislatures
• Use court system
• National Constitutional
Amendment
– The right to vote would not
be granted until 1920 with
the 19th amendment
Protecting Health
• The Jungle by Upton
Sinclair
– Book on the horrors of the
meat packing industries
• Meat Inspection Act
– Created program of
federal meat inspection
that was used for decades
• Food and Drug Act
– Halted sale of
contaminated foods and
called for truth in labeling