Transcript The Modernization of Quebec Society

Chapter 6: Lesson 2
How did the economic crisis in the 1930s
alter the government’s role?
Quebec: A Society in transition

industrialization began in the 19th c.
 ________________________

economy based on __________ of natural
resources and agricultural products to the
USA

____________ effected the Americans,
couldn’t buy Canadian goods

____________ had increasing government
intervention that transformed Quebec society
The Depression and its consequences

1929 crash caused many _____________
and job losses

lasted about _______________

_________________ rate increased from
2.9% in 1929 to 25% in 1933
Great Depression (1930s) was felt
throughout the ________________.
 Many businesses forced to close.

 Bankruptcy
 Left workers ________________
 Unemployment insurance did not exist yet
 Many turned to ____________________
○ These communities were poorly equipped to
deal with the poverty.
The Government’s First
Interventions
At first thought it would fix itself.
 Laissez-faire principle of economic
liberalism:

 _________________________________
_____________________________.

Government’s intervention was a MUST.
The Governments’ First Response

at first governments refused to help, thinking that
the issues were temporary

provinces then decided to pressure the federal
government

1931: Richard B Bennett’s Conservative
government passed the __________________
________- invested in public works to create jobs
(bridges, roads, construction, etc)

other funds allocated for direct relief: money
given to families, goods, housing, etc

1930-1939: federal government spent nearly 63
million dollars on public work and direct relief in
Quebec

government spent money to ___________ remote
regions

money still _________________

inspired by President Roosevelt, Bennett proposed
an economy recovery plan in 1935
 _____________________
○ bigger role of the federal government
○ little effect
○ government interventionism emerged
 policy advocating increased government intervention in economic and
social affairs.
Government Measures to End
The Depression

____________________________:
 Canadian economy dependent on its
exports
 Canada made agreements with
______________ and other commonwealth
countries (1932) and ________(later 1932)
to reduce tariffs.
 Permitted _____________________ to
recover slowly.

__________________ Launched
 Attempt to create jobs for unemployed
 All levels of government (municipal,
provincial and federal) initiated construction
and maintenance projects.
○ Parks, bridges, roads
 Not enough to employ all.

Direct Relief Vouchers were
implemented
 Distributed to those living in ___________
 Exchanged for a daily fixed allowance:
○ __________
○ Clothing
○ _____________________________
 Began in 1932, with all three levels of
government covering the costs.

There was a return to the land
 Colonization programs – 1932 (_________)
 Colonization programs – 1935 (_________)
 1936 – ______________________
○ New provincial party
○ Encouraged move to Abitibi, Gaspe Peninsula
and Lac St. Jean to ______________ land.
 Thousands took opportunity – but returned
to ______________.

These measures did not work.
 Public works
 Direct aid
 Return to the land
They were ___________ and did not
restart the economy
 Government is now in ________

 Raise personal and property taxes

Lead to social debate: Should government
be involved in social and economic affairs?
The Government’s New Role

1930s economic liberalism came under close scrutiny.
 Thought that government should play a greater economic and
social role
 Government should correct inequalities created by
industrialization.

fearing future issues the population called for social
protection and a change in the role of the state

some said the depression was due to the capitalist
system
 creates economic cycles, prosperity then depression

discontent in the population
 New political parties are born.
New Political Parties

new ________________ parties emerged

some had similar political ideologies as those
in _____________: Communist party, Fascist
Party, Socialist Party

Communist party called for the abolition of
private property and the capitalist system
 against the ____________in government affairs
 many communist leaders became the head of
unions
 1943+ 1945 French Canadian voters elected a
communist member to federal parliament

Socialist leading: profound reformation of the
political and economic system
 Cooperative commonwealth Federation, CCF,
founded in 1933
 led by James S. Woodsworth advocated free
_________________
 not successful in Quebec
 This later became the New Democratic Party
(NDP)

1934: Adrien Arcand founded the Fascist
Parti Nationale Sociale Chretien (National
Social Christian Party)
 Hitler’s ideas, fought for a totalitarian, nationalist
regime
 marginal in Quebec, no members elected

1935: _____________________ born in the west of
Canada
 populist party: criticizes the elite and claims to represent the




interest of the people
called the Socreds- very conservative
Union des electeurs ( Union of Electors or UE) in Quebec
1 member elected to the House of Commons in 1946
rose to power in Alberta

_________________ideas the most popular in Quebec

Traditionalist Nationalist, wanted to ensure the French
survival and preserve its heritage

provincial party _______________, founded in 1935 in
Quebec
 _________________ became party leader in 1936
The Canadian New Deal

1935 – Canadian Prime Minister,
___________________
 Economic plan: New Deal (inspired by
Roosevelt’s American plan)
 Designed to regulate economy and fend off
a return of economic crisis.

What the New Deal meant:
 ___________________ (1935) regulate money
and credit.
 ____________________ insurance created
○ Times of prosperity government collected money
○ Redistributed during times of hardship
 _______________ wages established
 Old age pensions established
 Legal barriers against ____________ enacted
Not all Canadians ___________ the New
Deal.
 French nationalists, Lionel Groulx and
Henri Bourassa questioned Confederation
and the French culture.

 _______________ of power – away from a
central government
 Give power to the _____________
 Opposed to federal government’s intervention in
provincial areas: ___________________.
Homework Assignment
Please complete pages 178 - 180