The Modernization of Quebec Society
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Transcript The Modernization of Quebec Society
Chapter 6: Lesson 2
How did the economic crisis in the 1930s
alter the government’s role?
Quebec: A Society in transition
industrialization began in the 19th c.
________________________
economy based on __________ of natural
resources and agricultural products to the
USA
____________ effected the Americans,
couldn’t buy Canadian goods
____________ had increasing government
intervention that transformed Quebec society
The Depression and its consequences
1929 crash caused many _____________
and job losses
lasted about _______________
_________________ rate increased from
2.9% in 1929 to 25% in 1933
Great Depression (1930s) was felt
throughout the ________________.
Many businesses forced to close.
Bankruptcy
Left workers ________________
Unemployment insurance did not exist yet
Many turned to ____________________
○ These communities were poorly equipped to
deal with the poverty.
The Government’s First
Interventions
At first thought it would fix itself.
Laissez-faire principle of economic
liberalism:
_________________________________
_____________________________.
Government’s intervention was a MUST.
The Governments’ First Response
at first governments refused to help, thinking that
the issues were temporary
provinces then decided to pressure the federal
government
1931: Richard B Bennett’s Conservative
government passed the __________________
________- invested in public works to create jobs
(bridges, roads, construction, etc)
other funds allocated for direct relief: money
given to families, goods, housing, etc
1930-1939: federal government spent nearly 63
million dollars on public work and direct relief in
Quebec
government spent money to ___________ remote
regions
money still _________________
inspired by President Roosevelt, Bennett proposed
an economy recovery plan in 1935
_____________________
○ bigger role of the federal government
○ little effect
○ government interventionism emerged
policy advocating increased government intervention in economic and
social affairs.
Government Measures to End
The Depression
____________________________:
Canadian economy dependent on its
exports
Canada made agreements with
______________ and other commonwealth
countries (1932) and ________(later 1932)
to reduce tariffs.
Permitted _____________________ to
recover slowly.
__________________ Launched
Attempt to create jobs for unemployed
All levels of government (municipal,
provincial and federal) initiated construction
and maintenance projects.
○ Parks, bridges, roads
Not enough to employ all.
Direct Relief Vouchers were
implemented
Distributed to those living in ___________
Exchanged for a daily fixed allowance:
○ __________
○ Clothing
○ _____________________________
Began in 1932, with all three levels of
government covering the costs.
There was a return to the land
Colonization programs – 1932 (_________)
Colonization programs – 1935 (_________)
1936 – ______________________
○ New provincial party
○ Encouraged move to Abitibi, Gaspe Peninsula
and Lac St. Jean to ______________ land.
Thousands took opportunity – but returned
to ______________.
These measures did not work.
Public works
Direct aid
Return to the land
They were ___________ and did not
restart the economy
Government is now in ________
Raise personal and property taxes
Lead to social debate: Should government
be involved in social and economic affairs?
The Government’s New Role
1930s economic liberalism came under close scrutiny.
Thought that government should play a greater economic and
social role
Government should correct inequalities created by
industrialization.
fearing future issues the population called for social
protection and a change in the role of the state
some said the depression was due to the capitalist
system
creates economic cycles, prosperity then depression
discontent in the population
New political parties are born.
New Political Parties
new ________________ parties emerged
some had similar political ideologies as those
in _____________: Communist party, Fascist
Party, Socialist Party
Communist party called for the abolition of
private property and the capitalist system
against the ____________in government affairs
many communist leaders became the head of
unions
1943+ 1945 French Canadian voters elected a
communist member to federal parliament
Socialist leading: profound reformation of the
political and economic system
Cooperative commonwealth Federation, CCF,
founded in 1933
led by James S. Woodsworth advocated free
_________________
not successful in Quebec
This later became the New Democratic Party
(NDP)
1934: Adrien Arcand founded the Fascist
Parti Nationale Sociale Chretien (National
Social Christian Party)
Hitler’s ideas, fought for a totalitarian, nationalist
regime
marginal in Quebec, no members elected
1935: _____________________ born in the west of
Canada
populist party: criticizes the elite and claims to represent the
interest of the people
called the Socreds- very conservative
Union des electeurs ( Union of Electors or UE) in Quebec
1 member elected to the House of Commons in 1946
rose to power in Alberta
_________________ideas the most popular in Quebec
Traditionalist Nationalist, wanted to ensure the French
survival and preserve its heritage
provincial party _______________, founded in 1935 in
Quebec
_________________ became party leader in 1936
The Canadian New Deal
1935 – Canadian Prime Minister,
___________________
Economic plan: New Deal (inspired by
Roosevelt’s American plan)
Designed to regulate economy and fend off
a return of economic crisis.
What the New Deal meant:
___________________ (1935) regulate money
and credit.
____________________ insurance created
○ Times of prosperity government collected money
○ Redistributed during times of hardship
_______________ wages established
Old age pensions established
Legal barriers against ____________ enacted
Not all Canadians ___________ the New
Deal.
French nationalists, Lionel Groulx and
Henri Bourassa questioned Confederation
and the French culture.
_______________ of power – away from a
central government
Give power to the _____________
Opposed to federal government’s intervention in
provincial areas: ___________________.
Homework Assignment
Please complete pages 178 - 180