Transcript Life in New France

Life in New France until
Confederation of Canada
1635-1867
Time of Samuel de
Champlain
• 1608- Le habitation- Fur trading post and the 1st
permanent settlement in the new world. Later
becomes Quebec City.
• 1617- 1st family arrive in New France- Louis
Hebert and his family come and live to farm the
land.
• 1633- Champlain named first governor of New
France.
• Samuel de Champlain, the Father of Quebec and
Canada died on Dec. 25th, 1635.
Expansion of the Colony
• 1634- Trois Rivieres- Laviolette -new fur trading post
south of Le Habitation (Quebec City) along the St.
Lawrence River.
• 1642- Paul de Chomedey sieur de Maisonneuve
expanded the fur trade south along the river and
established the post of Ville Marie (Montreal). Sieur de
Laval: Mission to convert natives to Christians.
• 1645- 3,200 people living in New France- most
working the fur trade and farming the land.
• 1670 British establish the Hudson’s Bay company as
competition to challenge the French fur traders.
• Next 100 years- Expansion of the colony from the Saint
Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, down the
Mississippi River to New Orleans in Gulf of Mexico in
order to Hunt for Furs.
1645
1745
People of New France
• Jean Talon- developed the colony- made it popular by
bringing cows, pigs, chickens, horses...The Population
increased to 70,000 in 1745.
• Homes were first made from wood in early years, then
stone to prevent the spread of fire.
• There was a church, school, hospital in the town (Hotel
Dieu started by Jeanne Mance in Ville Marie).
• Typical jobs of the time: Fur Traders, Farmers,
Seamstresses, Shoemakers, Carpenters, Masons,
Blacksmiths, bakers...
• 18th Century- Average persons’ life did not last very long:
Not enough medicines, poor nutrition, poor Hygiene.
Disease spread easily because there were no pipes for
plumbing.
• The adults and children worked and lived to survive: Used
sunlight as a guide to organize their daily chores-in fields,
woods, market..
Their life in comparison to ours today
Today:
• We have much more plastic and paper products
in our garbage and recycling bins.
• We live much longer because of medicine. We
enjoy more free time because of electricity and
technology.
• People are abusing the planet by cutting down
trees, putting chemicals in the water, digging for
oil and digging mines, and pumping chemicals
into the air.
• There are more limits to the amounts of animals
that can be hunted in the hopes of preserving
their numbers.
French are defeated by British
Wolfe
Montcalm
• 13 colonies and British territory along Atlantic
Coast from Maine to Georgia had 1.6 million
people (Mainly Europeans) in 1745.
• 1759-1760: General James Wolfe and 50 000
British (with Iroquois) defeat general Louis
Joseph de Montcalm and 13 500 French (with
Algonquians) on the plains of Abraham. Both
generals are killed. James Murray named 1st
British Governor of Quebec. Allowed French to
continue living as they did before.
• 1763- France turns over North American
possessions to Britain in the Treaty of Paris.
American Revolution
• 1775: 13 colonies: The independents want to
separate from British Rule. (General George
Washington-named 1st President of the United
States in 1789)
• 1783- Treaty of Paris ends the war- Border
between British North America (Quebec) and
the United States is accepted. Loyalists (loyal
to British rule) arrive and settle in western
towns of British North America (Quebec).
• 1791- Constitutional Act divides British North
America (Quebec) into Upper Canada
(Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec).
19th Century
• War of 1812- British territory of Canada invaded by USA.
Defended by British (Brock, Laura Secord), French (de
Salaberry), and natives (Tecumseh)
• War Ended in 1814- Natives were the real losers as they lost
land to new settlers. -Pride of winning an d1st feeling of being
Canadian!
• 1820- population of Upper Canada- 150,000(Ontario), Lower
Canada 450,000(Quebec).
• 1830’s: rebellions- people of Upper and Lower Canada wanted
more from leaders and Britain- many poor, uneducated
people, unerdeveloped towns..rich businessmen.
• 1834-The underground railroad- slaves escape to Canada.
(Tubman)
• 1841-United the 2 Canadas= Province of Canada
• 1850-1867: inventions (Kerosene oil), machines (Farming),
new immigrants (Irish), work (wood), gold rush in the west,
building the railway,