Transcript Political Leaders and Domestic Issues

Political leaders, Domestic Policies,
Cold War, and the Quiet Revolution
John Diefenbaker
Prime minister from 1957-63
Progressive Conservative
party- defeating Liberal Party
Populist leader, in the longterm unable to reach his goals
-Cut personal Income Taxes
-Raised old Age Pension
Payouts
White Board
List 2 other Populist leaders.
Diefenbaker creates the Bill of rights
freedom of speech
and religion
limited equal rights
the right to life,
liberty, security of
person, and
fundamental justice
the enjoyment of
property
the right to counsel
Criticisms
Does not cancel any conflicting laws
the bill of rights was not a constitutional
amendment
The bill only affects matters in the
constitution of 1867
White Board
What is an example of state/provincial
law conflicting with a Federal Law
The Columbia River Treaty is a 1964
agreement between Canada and the US
to build dams in the upper Columbia
basin for power and flood control
Pros of the Dam
BC hydro, the company employed to
build the dam
Supplied electricity into remote
communities
BC hydro also provided electricity,
running water, telephone services, a
school, a church, a park and stores.
better flood protection
Cons of the Dam
had to relocate and compensate hundreds of
people who lived on arrow on arrow lake
River Valley for thousands of years, lost
sacred burial grounds, an extremely
devastating experience for their community
cost to BC to build the three dams exceeded
the revenue initially received
province also had to pay for improved
highway, bridges, railway relocation, as well
as welfare increases for the people affected
by installation of the dams
Pierre Trudeau
prime minister from
1968-1979 and again in
1980-1984
Liberal party in 1968
Bilingualism and
Multiculturalism
Full integration of French and English in
the federal governments services and
documents
Two official languages in the country
Openness to the world and an open
immigration policy
October Crisis 1970
FLQ Front de Liberation du Quebec(Leftist
radical French Canadian independence
group)
Kidnapped British trade Commissioner James
Cross(British Trrade Commissioner
Gov implement War Measures Act
Allowed use of military force, FLQ illegal, and
suspected association reason for arrest
Suspended Civil Liberties
Gov refused to Negotiate
October Crisis Outcome
Because of Gov Actions FLQ kidnapped
and killed Minister of Labour (Quebec)
Gov found FLQ hideout
Cross is released- negotiated with his
kidnappers- 5 were flown to Cuba
FLQ lost all political following in Canada
Canadian Charter of Rights
and Freedoms:1982 Trudeau’s second term
guarantees the rights of individuals by
enshrining those rights, and certain limits
on them, in the highest law of the land
Trumps any provincial or local law
Charter expanded the rights of minorities
Replaceed 1960 Bill of Rights which only
covered Federal Law
Cold War Fears
•
•
•
Diefenbaker 1950’s-early 60’s
North American Aerospace
Defense Command (NORAD)
provides aerospace warning, air
sovereignty, and defense for N.
America
joined because the fear that a
soviet attack would come across
Canada
Avro Arrow Project under Diefenbaker
Canadian built fighter against the USSR
Cancelled the project costing Canada $
and Jobs
Jet was replaced by US anti Air Missiles
WHITE BOARD
QUESTION
What benefits does
Canada gain in joining
NORAD?
1950’s and Early 60’s Defense
Spending
25K troops sent to Korean War
Under Diefenbaker- high defense
spending(Cold War)
1950’s Canada rebuilt military Soviet Threat
10K troops stationed in Europe
Part of NATO
White Board
What does the US spend the most on?
What other things could this money go
to in your opinion?
Social Welfare Programs
1960’s :Lester Pearson
Pearson Cut $ from Defense for Social Programs
Education- Canada Student Loans Program 64- low cost
loans for university or trade school
Government would cover on defaulted loans
Canadian Pension Plan- more benefit in retirement
Provinces could enact own plans with fed $
MEDICARE ACT-Universal Health Care for all Canadians
Federal money to provide equal healthcare in all
provinces
Discuss
Do you like the Canadian Model or the
American Model?
White Board
What is the dominant group in Canada?
Quiet/Silent Revolution
Prior to rev Fr Can seen as backward,
rural, & less educated
1960’s Fr Can in Quebec increased
movement to the cities
Went away from conservative Catholic
Values
Demanded secularization and
modernization of cities and schools
Resented the dominance of wealthy
English speaking Canadians in their
province
Led by liberal Union National Party
White board
What will be the goal of the Silent
revolution?
Actions of the Revolution.
Quebec increased taxes and spent more to
provide modern services to their population
1962 Nationalized Power(Hydro Quebec)
Bought from English Speaking companies
Gov took over gas, water , and electrical
services for lower cost to people
Change in Quebec and City of
Montreal
Education would be transformed away from churches
Increased teaching standards to national level
Given a higher level French education and English
secondary
1974 Official Language Act- French is official
language of Q
All these actions made city of Montreal a modern city
with vibrant economy with an educated population.