Transcript U.S. Imperialism

U.S.
Imperialism
I. Imperialism
*The policy of conquering other nations to create
an empire. The United States began to adopt
imperialist ideas in the late 1800's.
A. Seward's Folly-Secretary
of State William H.
Seward purchased
Alaska for $7.2 million
from Russia in 1867.
I. Imperialism
B.
Alfred Thayer Mahan-His book The Influence
of Sea Power on History 1660-1783
convinced leaders that naval
power was very important.
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"Whoever rules the waves rules the world,"
I. Imperialism
C. Reasons for Expansion:
1. New foreign markets for trade
By late 1800’s A quarter of the nation's farm products and
half its petroleum were sold overseas.
2. Anglo-Saxon "superiority" or the "white
man's burden“
the idea that the United States had a special mission to uplift
"backward" people around the world
3. Sea Power
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Expand overseas
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bases for navy
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protect Commerce
Spanish-American War
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U.S. Interest in Cuba
• US investors invested $50 million in Cuba’s
mines, railroads, and sugar plantations.
• By 1890’s US and Cuba economies are linked
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Cuba is dependent on US to buy sugar.
US investors are depending on a return for
investment
• McKinley Tariff 1894
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Places a tariff on all imports into the US
US stopped buying Cuban sugar
Destroyed Cuba’s economy
II. The Spanish-American War
1898
A.
B.
Cuban Independence from Spain-Cubans are
led by Jose Marti in 1895.
Yellow journalists like Hearst and Pulitzer
exaggerated stories of Spanish actions in
Cuba. These stories caused many Americans
to want to go to war with Spain.
Yellow Journalists Pulitzer and Hearst
II. The Spanish-American War
1898
B. The Road to War
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President William McKinley did not want to go to war.
Two events led America into War:
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de Lome Letter
The Spanish minister to the U.S. wrote a letter calling
McKinley "weak."
This letter was stolen and published in the papers.
U.S.S. Maine Eplosion
warship was anchored in Havana harbor.
It exploded Feb. 15, 1898 killing 260 American men.
US journalists blamed Spain
The U.S. declared war against Spain on April 20, 1898.
II. The Spanish-American War
1898
C.
Two Prong War for the US
1. Cuba
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Theodore Roosevelt resigns as assistant secretary of the
Navy, then organizes a group of former soldiers called the
Rough Riders to fight in Cuba.
U.S. forces win the Battle of San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898.
Then seized Puerto Rico
2. The Philippines
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D.
US Admiral George Dewey led the Pacific Fleet into Manila
Bay and destroyed the Spanish forces there.
Seized Guam
Treaty of Paris of 1898-ended war between
Spain & U.S..
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
A. New Possessions:
Puerto Rico & Guam become territories.
U.S. paid Spain $20 million and
took over the Philippines.
Cuba became a protectorate
(a country who makes its
own laws but is controlled
by another country.)
III. The Fruits of
Imperialism
Uncle Sam
swelling
from all the
additions
III. The Fruits of
Imperialism
Uncle Sam
swelling
from all the
additions
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
B. Platt Amendment-1901
Set rules for Cuba to follow.
1. Cuba would make no treaties to limit its own
independence.
2. Cuba could not allow any foreign power to
control any part of its territory.
3. U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
B. Platt Amendment-1901
Set rules for Cuba to follow.
4. Cuba could not go into debt.
5. U.S. could buy or lease Cuban land.
U.S. also established a naval base at
Guantanamo Bay in 1903.
U.S. also gave loans to the Cuban government
and U.S. corporations invested money in
Cuban industry and business.
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
C. Puerto Rico-became a commonwealth (A
country that makes its own laws and
handles its own finances while the U.S.
takes care of defense and tariffs.)
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
D. Hawaii-was full of American sugar planters.
A new monarch, Queen Liliuokalani,
wanted to kick them out.
She wanted
"Hawaii for Hawaiians."
Sanford Dole
- A revolution was organized by
John Stevens, the U.S. minister
to Hawaii, and supported by Marines.
-Hawaii became a U.S. territory on
August 12, 1898.
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
E. Philippine Conflict
William Howard Taft was the civilian governor
from 1901-1904
Emilio Aguinaldo led a group of Filipino rebels
in a guerrilla war against their American
rulers to gain their true independence.
Conflict continued periodically until the
Philippines became an independent
republic in 1946.
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
F. Panama Canal-U.S. wanted to build a canal
but the Columbian government would not
allow it. The U.S. supported a revolution in
the province of Panama and helped the
country become independent. We then
negotiated a deal with the new Panamanian
government in 1903.
-The Panama Canal was an incredible feat of
engineering and it gave the U.S. some
very valuable property in Latin America.
Illustration
of the Locks
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
G. Policies on Latin America
1. Roosevelt Corollary-1904-Theodore
Roosevelt extended the Monroe Doctrine
with his speech about American power. He
said that the United States should
be the "policemen" of the Western
Hemisphere. Meant that we would
intervene in all problems in North and
South America.
“Speak softly and carry a big stick” His approach
became known as Big Stick Diplomacy
III. The Fruits of Imperialism
G. Policies on Latin America
2. Dollar Diplomacy-Taft-policy of using the
United States government to guarantee
loans made to foreign governments. Gave
The United States financial interest
& power in Latin America
IV. Problems with Mexico
A. 1911-1913-Mexican government had been
overthrown 2 times and the new leader,
General Victoriano Huerta, favored the
wealthy and foreign investors while many
citizens were living in poverty and were
being treated unfairly.
B. Moral Diplomacy-Woodrow Wilson tried to
aid morality to foreign affairs and refused
to back Huerta. He sent the military to
support Carranza, and forced Huerta to
resign.
IV. Problems with Mexico
Pancho
Villa
C. “Pancho”
Villa-Revolutionary
who led an
uprising against the new government and
also came across the border to raid the
town of Columbus, New Mexico. President
Wilson sent John J. Pershing to capture
Pancho Villa. After a year of pursuing him,
his forces came back to the U.S. without
him. He is viewed as a folk hero in Mexican
history
John J. Pershing
V. Problems with China
Chinese markets were the prize for controlling
Pacific trade.
A. Spheres of Influence-These were areas in
China where foreign nations had special
rights and powers. The U.S. had none. Sec.
of State John Hay promoted the Open Door
Policy which meant that foreign nations
could trade anywhere in China. It was
adopted in 1899.
B. Boxer Rebellion-1899-1901-Native Chinese
led a revolt against foreign businessmen,
killing hundreds. This led to new treaties
respecting Chinese independence.
Teddy
Roosevelt’s
Great
VI. Problems
with
Japan
White Fleet
A. Russo-Japanese War, 1905-This war between
Russia and Japan ended as Theodore
Roosevelt helped the Japanese. Their
victory led to the emergence of Japan as the
strongest nation in the Pacific and their
relations with the US suddenly went
downhill.
B. “The Great White Fleet”-To show American
naval power, President Roosevelt sent 16
battleships on a cruise around the world.
This display was intended to impress the
Japanese and other nations.