Chapter 18 – America Claims an Empire

18.1 – Imperialism and America

Why did Americans support imperialism? • Imperialism: stronger countries taking control over weaker countries • Desire for military strength • Create new markets • Superiority of American culture (ethnocentrism)

Bell Ringer: 1.

What do you see in this picture?

2. What do you think this picture is showing or representing?

• • • Military Strength: Alfred T. Mahan built up the U.S. Navy, built modern battleships, and the U.S. became the largest naval power. New Markets: businesses needed markets for their goods and raw materials for their factories Superiority: Americans were believed they were better than people in other countries and some wanted to spread their Christianity and culture to others

The U.S. buys territory • Alaska in 1867 from Russia for $7.2 million • -The U.S. forced Hawaii to build Pearl Harbor, a naval base, in 1887. • -William McKinley annexed Hawaii in 1898.

18.2 – The Spanish-American War • Cuba and Spain were at war with one another and Cubans wanted American aid. Yellow journalism exaggerated the news.

Why did Americans become angry with Spain?

• A Spanish official insulted President William McKinley saying he was a weak leader • The U.S.S. Maine was in Cuba to protect Americans, but the ship exploded and 260 people died. Newspapers blamed Spain

War with Spain erupted on April 1898. • • • • First battle was in the Philippines – a Spanish colony for 300 years In May, an American naval commander sailed to the Philippines and destroyed the Spanish fleet. For the next 2 months, U.S. soldiers fought on the side of Filipino rebels. Spanish surrendered to the U.S. in August in the Philippines.

Cuba

• • • In Cuba, the U.S. blocked off a harbor and Spanish ships couldn’t leave.

Volunteer soldiers, called the “Rough Riders,” helped win the battle of San Juan Hill. The Spanish surrendered on July 25 in Cuba.

The Treaty of Paris was signed

• Cuba became independent • Spain gave Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S.

• The U.S. bought the Philippine Islands for $20 million • Americans had mixed feelings about imperialism

18.3 – Acquiring New Lands

• • • • How did Puerto Ricans feel about U.S. control?

-Resented them because U.S. military officials insulted them and limited their freedom.

-The Foraker Act ended military rule and set up a civil government -In 1917, Congress made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens

How did the U.S. keep control over Cuba? • • • • • -Cuba was independent, but the U.S. army stayed there for 4 years -Cubans wrote a constitution and the U.S. insisted they add the Platt Amendment Platt Amendment: Limited Cuba’s rights when dealing with other countries and gave the U.S. special privileges. -Cuba became a U.S. protectorate Protectorate: a country that is controlled by a stronger power

Why did the Filipinos rebel against the United States?

• Thought the U.S. promised independence; felt betrayed.

• -The U.S. won the rebellion and set up a government like Cuba’s

What were U.S. interests in China?

• -They wanted to trade with China • -Open Door Notes: message sent to other countries to protect U.S. trading rights in China.

• -Boxer Rebellion: Chinese rebellion against Western influence, 1900.

18.4 America as a World Power

• • • • How did Roosevelt use American power? Roosevelt became president in 1901 and he used American power to help settle the Russo Japanese War. Helped build the Panama Canal. Created a statement called the Roosevelt Corollary: ▫ The U.S. wouldn’t allow Europeans to influence the Western Hemisphere.

Why did Woodrow Wilson send troops to Mexico?

• • • • He wanted countries to have democratic governments Mexicans rebelled, but the U.S. sent in troops In 1917, he took his troops out and Mexico adopted a constitution Wilson faced a possible war with Europe