Transcript Archaea - Mr. Hester's Biology Class

Archaea
• Domain belonging to archaebacteria.
• Prokaryotic organisms
• Contains many extremophiles –
organisms that thrive in extreme
environments
– Thermophiles: hot environments like
geysers and thermal vents in the ocean
floor
– Halophiles: extremely salty environments
(Dead Sea)
– Methanogens: environments like the gut of
cows
Bacteria
• Domain containing prokaryotic
organisms.
• Bacteria can be heterotrophic or
autotrophic (chemotrophic or
phototrophic)
• Perhaps the largest group of organisms
in existence
• Some can be pathogenic
• Classified by shape, color and the
makeup of their cell walls.
Eukarya
• Domain containing eukaryotic
organisms.
• Made up of 4 kingdoms:
– Animalia
– Plantae
– Fungi
– Protista
• Contains both unicellular and
multicellular organisms.
Animalia
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Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
Heterotrophic
Motile for at least a portion of their lives
Phyla include…
– Porifera
– Cnidaria
– Platyhelminthes
– Nematoda
– Annelida
– Bryozoa
– Mollusca
– Tardigrada
– Arthropoda
– Echinodermata
– Chordata
Plantae
• Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms
• Autotrophic, producing food by
photosynthesis.
• Unlike animals, they have cell walls.
• Generally sessile (not moving)
• Organisms include…
– Angiosperms (flowering plants)
– Conifers (cone-bearing)
– Ferns
– Mosses
Fungi
• Multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes
• Heterotrophic, generally decomposers
• Like plants, have a cell wall, but theirs
contains a polysaccharide called chitin.
• Some are pathogenic.
• Members include…
– Mushrooms
– Molds
– Yeast
Protista
• Eukaryotic and generally unicellular
• Some protists are animal-like
– Protozoa
• Amoeba
• Paramecium
• Euglena
• Some protists are plant-like
– Algae
• Some protists are fungus-like
– Slime molds
Porifera
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Phylum in the kingdom Animalia
Sponges
Sessile adult form, but motile larvae
Filter feeders
Don’t have digestive, nervous, or
circulatory systems
Cnidaria
• Phylum in the kingdom Animalia
• Jellyfish, anemones and corals
• Some are motile and others are
primarily sessile.
• Many have radial symmetry
Arthropoda
• One of the largest phyla in kingdom
Animalia
• Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans, etc.
• Have an exoskeleton that contains
chitin.
• Segmented bodies
• Open circulatory system
Chordata
• Another large phyla of kingdom Animalia
• Chordates are unique in that they have a
spinal cord (but not always a backbone).
• Representative groups…
– Mammals
– Reptiles
– Amphibians
– Fish
– Birds
– Tunicates (sea squirts)
Mammalia
• Endothermic (warm-blooded) chordates
• Possess hair and a neocortex (region of
the brain)
• Females produce milk for young
• Give birth to live offspring with the
exception of monotremes (platypus and
echidna)
• Contains the largest animals (whales)
and the most intelligent (apes)
Reptilia
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Terrestrial (land-dwelling) chordates
Cold-blooded (ectothermic)
Lay amniotic eggs
Possess scales
Members include…
– Lizards
– Snakes
– Crocodiles
– Turtles
– Tuataras
Fish
• Paraphyletic group, meaning that fish
come from multiple phyla.
• Gill-bearing aquatic animals
• Lack limbs with digits (fingers)
• Mostly ectothermic (cold-blooded), but
some can maintain warmer body
temperatures.
• Lay an external, non-amniotic egg.
Aves
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Class of chordates made up of birds
Endothermic (warm-blooded), egg-laying
Have feathers and a beak with no teeth
Four-chambered heart
Strong, but lightweight skeleton
Most are capable of flight, except for…
– Ratites (ostriches, emus)
– Penguins
– Some other island species
Amphibia
• Cold-blooded class of chordates
• Lay eggs in water
• Larvae (tadpoles) are aquatic, but
undergo metamorphosis to live on land
as adults
• Use skin as a secondary respiratory
surface
• Three chambered heart
• Includes…
– Frogs
– Salamanders
– Newts