The Skeletal System

Medical Terminology

Key System Terminology

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Bone -------------------------- oste/o Bone marrow ---------------myel/o

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Note myel/o also means spine Joints ----------------------- arthr/o Cartilage ------------------- chondr/o Bursa ----------------------- burs/o

Bone Anatomy

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Diaphysis

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Medullary cavity

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Yellow marrow Epiphysis

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Red marrow Compact bone

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Lamellar bone Spongy bone

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Trabecular bone Periosteum Endosteum Articular cartilage Epiphyseal plate Ligament – connects bone to bone

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Tendon

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Axial skeleton

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80 bones Skull Spine Thoracic cage

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Appendicular skeleton

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126 bones

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Shoulder girdle + arm Hip girdle + leg 206 bones

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Cranium

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Frontal

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Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid Face

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Zygomatic

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Maxillary

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Mandible

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Palatine

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Lacrimal Vomer Hyoid Bone

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Ribs (rib = costal) [12 pairs]

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True (7) False (3) Floating (2) Sternum

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Manubrium Body Xiphoid Shoulder

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Clavicle Scapula

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Acromion Process Arm

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Humerus Radius Ulna ( & olecranon process) Wrist & Hand

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Carpals

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Metacarpals Phalanges

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Spine

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Vertebrae

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Cervical (7)

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Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx (4)

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Intervertebral Discs Pelvic Girdle (hip/ Coxa)

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Ilium

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Ischium

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Pubis

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Sacrum

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Acetabulum

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Legs

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Femur Patella Tibia

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Fibula

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Ankle & Foot

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Tarsals

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Talus Calcaneus Lateral & Medial Malleolus

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Metatarsals Phalanges

Skeletal System Structures in Medical Terminology

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Oste/o = bone

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Chondr/o = cartilage

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Arthr/o = joints

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Myel/o = bone marrow

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Note: also can mean spine Burs/o = bursa

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Cost/o = rib

Joints (Articulations)

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Functional classification based upon movement

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immovable = synarthrosis slightly movable = amphiarthrosis freely movable = diarthrosis Most are diarthrosis

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Also called synovial joints

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Joints Synovial Membrane Synovial Fluid Bursa Articulations Ligaments (compare to tendons)

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Bursa

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A sac made up of:

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Synovial membrane Synovial fluid

Medical Specialists of the Skeletal System

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Orthopedist

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Those with a medical school degree Those with a osteopathic school degree Chiropracter

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All diseases center around spinal mal-alignment Podiatrist Orthotics

Pathology of the Skeletal System

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Ankylosis (ankyl/o = stiff; bent) Arthralgia Arthrosclerosis Bursitis Chondroma Chondromalacia (-malacia= abnormal softening) Hallux valgus (bunion; big toe bent towards other toes) Luxation Synovitis Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis (spondyl = vertebrae)

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This is a type of rheumatoid arthritis Talipes (club foot)

Pathology of the Skeletal System

Spine

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Herniated disc Lumbago Spina bifida Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis

Pathology of the Skeletal System

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Bone Exostosis (callus) Osteomalacia Osteitis deformans Periostitis Osteochondroma Osteoporosis

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Fractures Closed (simple) Open (compound) Colles’