Transcript Musculoskeletal System ( Bones, Joints and Muscles )

Musculoskeletal System
( Bones, Joints and Muscles )
Dr. Walid Daoud
Assistant Professor
Skeletal System
Functions:
- Protection of vital organs.
- Movement.
- hematopoiesis.
- A storehouse for minerals.
Structure and Types of Bones
1.Long bones:
Found in the extremities and consist of
the following: diaphysis, epiphyses,
articular cartilage and periosteum.
2.Flat bones.
3.Short bones.
4.Irregular bones.
Divisions of Skeletal System
1. Axial skeleton:
Bones of skull, thorax and vertebral column.
2. Appendicular skeleton:
Bones of shoulder, upper extremities, hips,
and lower extremities.
Human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
Vertebral Column
It is composed of 26 bones (vertebrae)
separated by intervertebral discs:
- Cervical vertebrae (7).
- Thoracic vertebrae (12).
- Lumbar vertebrae (5).
- Sacral vertebrae (5).
- Coccyx (1-3).
Thorax
It contains 2 important organs the heart
and lungs.
1. The ribs: 12 pairs (24 ribs)
-Tue ribs (upper 7 pairs)
-False ribs (lower 5 pairs)
-Floating ribs (last 2 pairs).
2. The sternum.
3. The costal cartilages
Pelvic Girdle (Pelvis)
It supports the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder
and other soft organs.
Female pelvis is more shallow but wider than
male pelvis.
Pelvis is divided into: ilium, ischium and pubis,
symphysis pubis, sacrum and coccyx.
Bone Markings
Projections (processes):
A condyle, a tuberosity, a trochanter.
Depressions:
A sinus, a foramen, a fissure, a fossa.
Joints or Articulations
Body Movements:
Abduction, adduction, supination,
pronation, inversion and eversion.
Muscles:
- Cardiac muscle.
- Smooth muscles.
- Skeletal muscles.
Connective Tissue Covering:
Fascia, epimysium, perimysium and
endomysium.
Attachments:
Fibrous attachment, tendon or
aponeurosis
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Bones:
- Osteomyelitis.
- Ankylosis.
- Osteoma.
- Exososes.
- Sarcomas.
- Osteitis deformans.
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Joints:
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
- Gout.
- Osteoarthritis.
- injury.
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Fracture:
- Closed fracture.
- Open fracture.
- Compliocated fracture.
- Comminuted fracture.
- Impacted fracture.
- Incomplete fracture.
- Greenstick fracture.
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Spinal Disorders:
- Scoliosis.
- Kyphosis.
- Kyphoscoliosis.
- Lordosis.
WR and CF related to Musculoskeletal
System (Upper Extremities)
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
cephal/o
crani/o
cervic/o
vertebr/o
spondyl/o
thorac/o
cost/o
stern/o
head
skull bone
neck
vertebra
cephal/ad
crani/o/malacia
cervic/o/facial
vertebr/o/cost/al
chest
ribs
sternum
thorac/o/centesis
cost/ectomy
stern/oid
WR and CF related to Musculoskeletal
System (Upper Extremities)
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
arthr/o
humer/o
brachi/o
carp/o
metacarp/o
plalang/o
dactyl/o
joint
humerus
arm
Carpus, wrist
metacarpus
phalanges
digit, finger, toe
Arthr/edema
Humer/o/ulnar
brachi/o/cephal/ic
Carp/o/ptosis
Metacarp/al
Phalang/itis
dactyl/o/megaly
WR and CF related to Musculoskeletal
System (Lower Extremities)
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
pelv/i
lumb/o
ili/o
ischi/o
pub/o
femor/o
patell/o
calcane/o
ped/i or pod/o
pelvic bone
loins
ilium
ischium
pubis anterior
femur
patella
calcaneum
foot
pelv/itherm
lumb/o/dynia
ili/o/femor/al
ischi/o/rect/als
pub/o/vesic/al
femer/o/tibi/al
patell/a/pexy
calcane/o/dynia
Ped/i/algia
WR and CF related to Musculoskeletal
System (Miscellaneous)
WR/CF
Meaning
Example
acromi/o
ankyl/o
chondr/o
chondyl/o
myel/o
my/o
oste/o
acromion
stiff joint
cartilage
condyle
bone marrow
muscle
bone
acromi/o/humer/al
ankyl/o/dactyl/ia
chondr/o/cost/al
copndyl/ectomy
myel/o/cele
myo/sclerosis
oste/oma
Suffixes related to Musculoskeletal
System
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-blast
Ggerm cell
oste/o/blast
-clast
to break
oste/o/clast
-desis
bind, stabilize
arthr/o/desis
-porosis
pores or cavities oste/o/porosis
Surgical terms and other terms
related to Musculoskeletal System
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Answer Worksheets 1 - 9
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