Transcript First Nations and Inuit

Community Development & Capacity Building
First Nations & Inuit Health Branch
September 2012
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CDCB Framework approach
• Indigenous community development is dependent on the combined
capacities of the community’s individuals, public service and governance
– community development happens from within.
 Role and opportunity for governments and partners - to support the
capacity of community individuals, organizations and governance
excellence.
 By supporting capacity which leads to community development, First
Nations and Inuit communities will address their own social
determinants of health, based on their own assets, including
Indigenous knowledge and culture.
• This is the game-changer to improve health outcomes.
• For governments and partners - Strengthened knowledge and
competencies in effectively partnering with communities (including cultural
competence), and strengthened community partnerships are necessary
elements for success.
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Theory of Change
• Previous policies to implement community-centred approaches have
resulted in momentary shifts, but policy alone does not result in
transformative change.
• CDCB is using an organizational change approach to increase the
likelihood of transformative change:
 Empower community members, FNIHB employees and external
partners with knowledge and competencies – “to know more is to do
better” (Elder Paul Skanks).
 Encourage natural networks of people that provide supports and
opportunities for discussion on how to implement Indigenous
community development
 Build champions at every level
 Maintain a vision of the future that generates hope and commitment
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Healthy Community is the Vision
Krawl, 1994, Indicators of healthy
community
• Adapted from Whanāu Ora, New
Zealand approach to Māori family
health and wellbeing.
• people getting involved in their
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Community and family well-being will
community
be realised when [extended] families
greater sense of trust, caring and
are:
sharing among community members
 Self managing
positive parenting
 Living healthy lifestyles
sharing of intergenerational wisdom
 Participating fully in society
[and culture]
 Confidently participating in the
openness and communication among
First Nations/Inuit world
community members, without blaming
or shame
 Economically secure and
successfully
clear role expectations and people
taking responsibility
 Involved in wealth creation
sense of connectedness and sensitivity
 Cohesive, resilient, nurturing
to one another which promotes healthy
partnerships and collective action
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Working Definition: Community Development
• The foundational value and belief of community development
is that the people themselves can improve their community
by working together, building consensus on priorities and
actions, building on community assets, and developing
individual and community capacity.
• Community development is a principled, values-based
approach to support better outcomes in First Nations and
Inuit health, by empowering communities to manage their
own services, building on their own strengths including
culture.
• Community development is not a program – the principle is to
embed community development knowledge and expertise
across the whole branch, in every policy and program.
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Community development is not new
• This increasing level of health in Aboriginal
communities must be built on three pillars. The first,
and most significant, is community development,
both socio-economic development and cultural and
spiritual development, to remove the conditions of
poverty and apathy which prevent the members of
the community from achieving a state of physical,
mental and social well-being. (1979)
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Commitment to Community Development
• Community development is a priority of the Health
Canada Executive Committee workplan.
• FNIHB ADM’s speech to the AFN’s Health Policy
Forum highlighted community development
• Linked to FNIHB draft Strategic Plan
• FNIHB Regional Directors have shown their support
and commitment to the content and approach, and
an RD co-chairs the National Advisory Committee
• AFN and ITK both participate and are co-chairs of
the National Advisory Committee.
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Community
Development
and Capacity
Building
Community
Capacity
Framework and Indigenous
Knowledge &
Principles
StrengthBased
Culture
Holistic
Health &
Well-being
Community
Development
Government &
Partners
Knowledge &
Competencies
Leadership in
Community
CommunityCentred
Partnerships for
Community
Health & Wellbeing
Cultural Competence
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Pillars of the CDCB Framework
• Pillars or entry points to support
Indigenous Community
Development (ICD) in
communities.
 Building our own knowledge
and competencies in ICD
and cultural competence, to
be better partners.
 Working with innovative
partners such as other
governments, corporations
and non-profits to support
community well-being.
 Always supporting ongoing
development of capacities in
communities.
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Principles of the Framework
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Community Capacity – What is it?
• Capacity of individuals + capacity of community organizations = building blocks for
community development.
• For example: Capacities in communicating and sharing plans for the future,
working together to achieve a shared plan, and evaluating progress.
Why is it helpful?
• Community development is built on individual and organizational capacities.
• Successful communities have the capacity to identify and address their own
determinants of health.
In practice – how do we implement?
• First do no harm – do not compromise community
capacity, decision-making, self-determination and hope
• Focus on opportunities to leverage partnerships to support capacity development
in individuals and organizations.
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Community Capacity definitions
• What community insiders need to have, to know, to do, and to be, in order
to effectively influence the primary determinants of health that are
affecting them (United Nations Development Program).
• Sometimes described at three levels:
 Individual Level - development of conditions that allow individuals to
build and enhance existing knowledge and skills, the establishment of
conditions that will allow individuals to engage in the “process of
learning and adapting to change”
 Institutional Level - aiding and supporting institutions/organizations in
forming sound policies, organizational structures, and effective
methods of management and controls
 Societal Level - support the establishment of a more “interactive
public administration that learns equally from its actions and from
feedback it receives from the population at large.” Capacity building
must be used to develop public administrators that are responsive and
accountable.
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Community Capacities
Individual
Capacity
Safety
Healing
Personal health
practices
including culture
Social supports
Ready to learn
Ready for work
Public Service Capacity
Service Delivery
Continuing education
for work and career
Communication
Project management
E-technology
Sector-Specific
Capacity: health, ECD
and education, housing
& public works, PSE,
lands & resources,
family & community
supports, social
development, economic
development, policing,
membership
Organizational
Capacity
Communication and
negotiation
Public administration
Policy and decisionmaking
HR management
Financial mgmt &
fundraising
Strategic Planning
Information management
Performance
measurement
Community engagement
Partnerships &
Collaboration
Accreditation
Governance
Policy and decision
making
Communication and
negotiation
Organizational design
Management &
controls
Community
engagement & moral
authority
Leadership
Partnerships &
Collaboration
Accreditation
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Indigenous Knowledge & Culture - WHAT is it?
• Culture (traditional and cultural activities, indigenous intelligence) is an
important, and perhaps the most important protective factor in community.
• Culture acts as a buffer against crisis. Cultural discontinuity is a risk factor,
particularly in mental health.
Why is it helpful?
• Strength of culture in community is a
determinant of community wellness.
• In practice, how to implement:
• Culture is an essential determinant of
health in communities, and an eligible
expense in FNIHB health programs.
• It is the responsibility of FNIHB and of
FNIHB employees to be culturally
competent.
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Indigenous Culture & Knowledge
• Culture
 The commonalities around which a group of people have developed
values, norms, family styles, social roles and behaviours, in response
to the political, economic and social realities they face
 Culture and identity are central to Indigenous perceptions and
definitions of health and ill health.
• History matters:
 Colonization and residential schools discounted Indigenous cultures,
churches and society labelled culture as “evil” and uncivilized, and
the federal government criminalized cultural practices.
 Community healing from colonization and residential schools
includes the process to reclaim and revive cultural knowledge and
traditions – and this is a foundation for community development.
• Successful communities
 Community cultural identity, esteem and strength is associated with
strong social support networks, inclusive social structures, and sense
of hope for the future.
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Strength-based - WHAT is it?
• A strengths-based or assets-based approach balances risk and protective
factors, and respects the resilience of communities.
• A recognition that every community has assets – some are just more
readily identifiable.
WHY is it helpful?
• Builds trust
• Builds individual and community
esteem
• Supports potential and hope
In practice:
• Design programs and policy starting
with community strengths including
culture and social connectedness.
• Always look for strengths and
assets.
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Community-Centred - WHAT is it?
• Community-based: The majority of health risk and protective factors are local.
Capacity and activity to address them must also be local. A community builds on its
own strengths and assets to address health risk factors.
• Community-paced – Sustainable action builds on capacity in the community, at the
stage of community development (continuum).
• Community-led: The community’s sense of ownership and control over activities to
address wellness is likely just as important as the activity’s outcomes.
WHY is it helpful?
• We all share a vision of communities selfmanaging with control over their own social
determinants of health, with support from
governments and partners.
In practice:
• Facilitate community initiative and ownership,
and reduce prescriptive policy and programs.
• Facilitate community capacity in decisionmaking, facilitation and strategic planning.
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Leadership in Community - WHAT is it?
• Leaders create vision for the future: “The ultimate task of a leader is to
take his or her society to where it has never been.”
• Community leaders include those paid to lead, and also those who have
leadership roles and influence in the community.
WHY is it helpful?
• Formal and informal community
leadership is a protective factor
against crisis, and an essential
factor for success.
In practice:
• Support short- and medium- term
leadership development and
emerging leaders in communities.
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WHAT is it?
• First Nations, Inuit and Métis define health as holistic (physical, emotional,
mental and spiritual), and activities that have impact across the circle of
health will have more impact than those which focus on only one.
WHY is it helpful?
• Factors contributing to health and wellness,
and healthy communities, are larger than
any one department or partner.
• Successful communities have innovative
partnerships with neighbouring
communities, NGOs and additional funders.
In practice:
• Leverage commonalities and partnerships
within FNIHB, with other departments
including AANDC.
• Facilitate relationships between First
Nations, Inuit and Métis - and the NGO and
private sectors.
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Cultural Competence
• Important enough to spend much of
the afternoon on this foundation of
the CDCB Framework.
• An expectation held by Aboriginal
communities and clients
• A lens – principles are seen and
interpreted through it
• A process - reflected in
communications.
• An indicator and an outcome –
evaluated by Aboriginal partners and
clients
• A lifelong learning opportunity.
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FNIHB & AANDC
CDCB Framework Goals
ICD and cultural
competence is
implemented in
FNIHB & AANDC
daily work to develop
policies and
Employees and
programs, and
organizations have
decision-making that
knowledge and
competencies in ICD affects communities.
and cultural
FNIHB & AANDC are
competence, in order effective partners
to build effective
with communities to
relationships with
support their work to
communities and
develop and address
clients.
SDOH.
As communities
request,
innovative
corporate and
philanthropic
partners
support the
development of
community
capacities, and
contribute to
improved health
and well-being.
Communities
have the
capacities to
plan, deliver and
evaluate their
own quality
services and
public
administration,
and negotiate
effective
relationships
with provinces
and territories to
adapt the larger
systems to
better meet their
needs (ie.
Health,
education, etc)
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For more information:
Rose Sones LeMay
Branch Lead, Community Development and Capacity Building
FNIHB, Health Canada
[email protected]
APPENDICES
Draft Workplan
Lessons learned in CDCB Pilots
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Draft Workplan 2012-13
• Community Capacity
 Review options for FNIHB to actively support capacity in communities
including emerging leaders, and options on joint work with AANDC
 Complete pilot with Public Safety on community planning, and report on
outcomes
• FNIHB Knowledge and Competencies
 Train 20% of FNIHB in Indigenous Community Development course
 Develop structures to support ongoing learning including GC-Connex,
Forums
 Complete resource kit for regions to support communities in crisis,
perhaps with a specific workshop
• Partnerships for Health
 Contribute to knowledge translation on building
and maintaining effective innovative partnerships
 Increase corporate and philanthropic contribution
to community capacity and health services
delivery
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Lessons Learned in CDCB Pilots
Internal Organizational Change
• Takes time in focussed training to build champions at
every level of organization
Indigenous
Community
Development
curriculum
Community Capacity is the lever
• Successful communities have strong capacities in how
to do strategic planning
• Communities plan to their own internal authorities first
• Community peer support networks can offer immediate
and sustainable supports, and better positioned to share
messages about effective management and governance
Kitigan’zibi, joint
funding with Public
Safety, FN Health
Mgrs Assoc
Ahp-cii-uk
Innovative Partnerships
• Negotiation skills, shared sense of benefit both important
to community partnerships with corporations, non-profits,
other governments
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