Industrial Revolution Begins
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Transcript Industrial Revolution Begins
A New Kind of Revolution
Ch 21 Sec 1 Pages 633-639
What you will learn
In
the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain
led to the rapid growth of the textile
industry, which in turn led to huge
changes in many other industries.
Revolution in Great Britain
1700s
= change in technology
energy source changed from human &
animal power to machinery
Industrial Revolution occurred when use
of power-driven machinery was
developed
this started in Great Britain
Crash Course
Coal,
Steam, and The Industrial
Revolution: Crash Course World History
#32 - YouTube#at=49
Factors for Success
in Great Britain
exploration
and colonialism
vast
amounts of raw material and new markets
of consumers
power
of the sea
can
bring raw materials to GB and send
finished product out
political
when
stability
at peace in the homeland, general daily
living thrives, including commerce.
no battles to fight=more money to spend
Factors for Success
in Great Britain
government
support
Great
Britain had laws that favored business
this helped Great Britain compete against other
nations
growth
new
of private investment
businesses need investors to get the start
up money to begin
today = “research and development”
Agricultural Factors- R & D
1701 Jethro Tull invented seed drill
landowners bought up small farms and
consolidated them in the enclosure
movement
better breeding methods for animals and
varieties of food crops were developed, as
well
increasing food supply
meant the population
could increase too
Factors of Production: Land
Great
Britain had great natural
resources
coal
for fuel
iron for steel & machinery
waterways (rivers & canals) to generate
power and transport raw materials and
goods
Factors of Production: Labor
Great
Britain’s population grew because
of greater food supply
enclosure movement took land away
from small farmers
resulted
in surplus of available workers
Factors of Production: Capital
capital
is the money or property a
business needs to stay in business
Wealthy business people invested
capital to make a profit and not share
with workers
capital can be money, machines, or
people
people
who specialized in one area had
abilities and skills to their advantages
Human Capital
A Revolution in Textiles
a
cottage industry is an occupation in
which you make a craft and it is done in
your home
making cloth had been a cottage
industry
cloth was made mostly with wool
A New Way of Making Cloth
cloth
was now made from wool and
cotton
more
sheep could be raised due to the
enclosure movement
cotton came to Great Britain from the
colonies
new
inventions helped the process of
cloth making
Cotton Gin
invented
by Eli Whitney
removed seeds from raw cotton
Spinning Jenny -1764
invented
by James Hargreaves
spun multiple threads at one time
threads
were still thick and broke easily
Spinning Frame
invented
by Richard Arkwright
similar to the spinning jenny
spun
stronger, thinner threads
“Flying Shuttle” - 1733
invented
by John Kay
pushed thread back and forth on loom
automatically
had
been done by the weaver pushing the
shuttle back and forth
allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s
width
the
flying shuttle doubled the speed at
which a worker could do the job
many
workers lost their jobs and Kay fled
to France to die in poverty
Power Loom
invented
by Edmund Cartwright in 1785
automated the weaving process
Cloth Making Outside the Home
new
inventions to speed up the cloth
making process were big machines
machines needed a special place to
house them
cloth now made
in FACTORIES
Factories were
placed next to
river for water
power
Example of an
water powered
mill.
Water turned
the wheel
which provide
the power to
drive the new
machines.
Steam Powers the Revolution
steam
is created when water is heated
to the point of vaporizing
water vapors expand when hot
steam engines were invented in 1712
by Thomas Newcomen
Newcomen Steam Engine
Development of the Steam
Engine
James
Watt innovated Newcomen’s
steam engine to be more efficient
Watt’s
engine was better suited for factories
Richard Trevithick put a steam
engine in first locomotive
1807 Robert Fulton developed the
first steamship
1802
The Impact of the Railroad
Development of the Steam
Engine
WHAT
IS AN ADVANTAGE OF
STEAM POWER OVER WATER
POWER FOR USE IN FACTORIES?
a
factory doesn’t have to be near a
waterway, meaning factories could also be
nearer cities and/or ports where finished
product had to end up
steam-powered trains made it possible to
ship finished goods faster
steamships replaced sailing ships on the
open sea and horse-drawn barges in
canals
Coal for British Steam Engines
Lumber was scarce due to deforestation for
farming
coal mining industry in northern and western
England grew
by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of
Europe’s coal
mining was dangerous
explosions
coal dust
collapsing shafts
hard labor
Young Coal Miners
Child Labor in the Mines
Child
“hurriers”
What’s Happening
What
are the three factors of production
that we discussed?
What is an example of each of these
factors that Great Britain had?
How did the early inventions help the
textile industry change from a cottage
industry to an industry performed in
factories?
Industrialization Spreads
Industry
and the West
Individual
freedom becomes significant
force in society
People with freedoms compete with one
another for wealth and fame
Competition is deemed good for all
Westerners race to find new lands for new
markets and to exploit for Raw materials
Industry comes to America
Britain
outlawed export of certain
machines and forbade skill craftsman
from leaving country
WHY?
Great
Britain had a huge head start in
revolution
Industry comes to America
Samuel
Skilled
Slater
young millworker, escapes GB
disguised as a farmer and heads to
America
He had memorized the working of the
water frame and reproduced it in America
Built 1st mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Father of American Industry
Industry comes to America
Frances Cabot Lowell
First all in one mill
40
multi story brick buildings
Used water fall to run machinery
6 miles of canals
Hired 10,000 single girls from near by
farms to run
Provided good wages and clean housing
Lowell System
Lowell Girls
Industry spreads to Europe
William
Cockerill brought industry to
Central Europe
After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, French
government would financial support
industry
1848
French would be an industrial power
house
Germany
had no central government to
support Industry
Many
small German states built railroads
1850 treaties that barred German states
from trading were dropped
Industry in Asia
Japan
joined revolution very late
1868 Meiji Government modernized
Japan’s economy
A few decades later Japan would be
one of the world’s industrial leaders
GROG 21.1 -5 points
Using your notes, fill in the interactive graphic
organizer by showing how various factors
helped start the Industrial Revolution.
Factories and Workers
Chapter 21 Sec 2
Pages 640-645
Bell Ringer 21.2
Imagine
that you are a highly skilled
millworker living in Great Britain in about
1800. Write an outline for the main
points you would make to government
officials to persuade them that you
should be allowed to go to the United
States to start a textile business.
Production before Factories
Cottage
Industry
Wool
delivered right to cottage
Product went from raw material to Finished
product under 1 roof
Benefits
Controlled own schedule
Could work or rest depending on family needs
Controlled quality
Need more $$ then work faster
Work slower and produce better quality
Production before Factories
Cottage
Industry
Problems
Fire or flood could cause a financial hardship
All skill took a long time to master
A lot of physical strength need to run
machines
Adults only
Parents fell ill or died= financial hardship for
family
Working in a factory
Mass
production- Manufacturing large
number of identical parts
Cheaper
products
More money in peoples pockets
More goods available to the people
Assemble
line- Product moves from person
to person, who each performs one step.
Very
easy to learn and perform
To easy for men, would been seen as women/
children's work
Boys
and girls would work at age of 6
Wages
Many families fleeing
countryside would work
in factories
(enclosure movement)
A large number of people
willing to work,
means low wages
Children and women were
paid less than men
long hours (12-16 hours) / six days
a week
no safety precautions - no
compensation for injury
unhealthy environment
Noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation
Impact of Industrialization
Changed patterns of life
urbanization-movement of people
from rural areas to cities
Industry moved from home to city
city populations expand dramatically
Factory towns
Towns
first popped up along water
sources
With the invention of steam power
factories popped up near coal mines
Thick
soot cover these towns
Turning day into night
Industrial Staffordshire
area in NW England known as black county due to
high pollution of coal dust
Problems of
Growing Cities
Living Conditions
poorly built
tenements
- large families crowded into
single room apartments
- poor water supplies
inadequate sanitation
- disease and
crime
were
constant
problems
Cottage workers unrest
Factories
are the new way, but Cottage
Industry is still alive- barely
Cottage Industries could not produce or
sell as cheaply as factories
Facing financial ruins they would turn to
violence
Luddites
Cottage workers who
opposed factories
putting cottages out of
work
Burned and smashed
factory machines
Did not hurt people
Those who were
caught were hung by
owners
Luddite movement
ended quickly
British Government and Business
British
Government did not see it as
their job to regulate business
If they help the people to much they
would get lazy and not work as hard
Workers Organize
First unions were trade unions were
workers who had skills and would be
difficult to replace.
They would organize strikes to force
improvement of working conditions
Early attempts by workers to organize
and unionize met with resistance
- British government outlawed labor
unions
Demands for Change
Governments begin to
investigate
working conditions.
British Parliament enacts
laws limiting child
labor and limiting
hours in a work day .
Upstairs/Downstairs
Social/Economics
A New Class of Workers
Wealthy
business people to invest
Mid-level (Middle Class) employees to
run factory and supervise
This
would be a fast growing group
Low-level
employees to run machines
GROG 21.2 – 5 points
fill in the interactive graphic organizer by
analyzing the effects of the factory system to
answer the question, "Who do you think
benefited the most and least from the
changes?".
Chapter 21 Sec 3
New Ideas in a Society
Page 646-651
IV. New Currents of Thought
-
A. Economics
1.
Laissez-Faire Economics
laissez faire – economic
theory opposed any attempt
by the government to
interfere with the natural
laws governing economics.
b. Adam Smith - Scottish economist
who wrote “The Wealth of Nations"
-urged government
to let free
enterprise
operate on its
own.
- believed everyone
would benefit
Thomas Malthus- “Essay on the
Principles of Population"
- social problem of
poverty was due to
population growth.
- any government
attempt to correct
problems would only
making conditions
for the poor worse
David Ricardo - Iron Law of Wages
- stated wages and
prices go through
cycles
Socialism - a system in which
the workers or government
owned and controlled the
means of production.
*means of production i.) the means of production
would be operated for
the benefit of all people
Communism (Scientific Socialism)
Karl Marx & Friedrich
Engels publish “The
Communist Manifesto"
- Claimed theories
were based on a
scientific study of
history.
- Believed economics
shaped both social
and political
structures
History reveals a continuous
struggle between two classes:
- the "haves" (bourgeoisie " middle
class")
- They control the means of
production
- Through power and wealth shape
social and political structures.
The have nots - the proletariat or
working class
They lack the wealth of the haves
They produce the wealth through
their labor.
- Marx's predictions:
1. conditions of the workers
will continue to decline
2. proletariat will revolt and
take control of the means
of production
3. proletariat will destroy the
ruling class and setup
classless society
4. wealth and power would be
shared equally by all.
- Failing of Marx's theories
1. assumed the condition of
the workers would continue
to get worse over time.
2. the conditions of the
workers actually improved
in many ways and workers
were unwilling to overthrow
the system.
Scientific Theories
- Charles Darwin
published “On the
Origin of Species"
- presented a theory of
evolution based on
natural selection