113 chapter 21 section 1 A New Kind of Revolution
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Transcript 113 chapter 21 section 1 A New Kind of Revolution
A New Kind of Revolution
CHAPTER 21
SECTION 1
Key Terms
Industrial Revolution
Jethro Tull
Enclosure movement
Richard Arkwright
Factors of production
James Watt
Cottage industry
Robert Fulton
Factory
Industrialization
A Revolution in Great Britain
Humans and animals
were main energy source
People began to develop
water and steam power
Industrial Revolution-the
era when the use of
power driven machines
was developed
Factors for Success
Exploration and
colonization-provided
raw materials such as
cotton and fiber
Colonies became new
markets
Sea power brings in raw
material and send out
manufactured goods
because of strong navy
Factors of Success
Political stability-1700’s
at home the country was
a peace, commerce
thrived
Government supportParliament passed laws
that favored business
Growth of private
investment-private
funding for research and
development
Agricultural Factors
Most of research took
place on farms
Jethro Tull-1701
invented the seed drill
made planting grain more
efficient
Improved livestock
breeding
Potatoes were developed
Agricultural Factors
Increased food supply
Population grew
Wealthy landowners
combined fields to create
large farms
Enclosure developmentthe fencing in of large
farms
Threw countless farmers
of their fields
Moved to the city for jobs
Britain’s Big Advantage
Factors of productions-
land, labor and capitol
Land- means all of
place’s natural resources
Coal to burn as fuel
Iron to make steel
Water was the most
important
Streams and rivers turned
waterwheels and
generated power
Britain’s Big Advantage
Waterways provided
transportation between
mines, factories and
markets
Mid 1700’s had 1000
miles of canals
Grew to 4,000 by 1800
Deep water ports for long
distance shipping
Britain’s Big Advantage
Labor- had a growing
population
Thousands lost their
farmland
Entire families would go
to work in an industry
Capitol-funds investment
for business
People with money to
spend
People with skills
inventors
A Revolution in Textiles
Began with textile
industry
Cottage industry- a craft
occupation performed at
home
Industrialization-the
process of changing to
power driven machinery
A New Way to Make Cloth
Most fabric made of wool
or cotton
Wool increased because
of enclosure movement
Shipments of cotton
came from the colonies
Slave labor made cotton
farming more profitable
Great Britain bought
more American cotton
A New Way of Making Cloth
Pulling seed from cotton
by hand was time
consuming
Eli Whitney invented the
cotton gin (machine)
Fiber was then spun into
yarn
James Hargreaves
invented the spinning
jenny
A New Way of Making Cloth
James Arkwright- made
a machine that spun
stronger, thinner thread
Thread woven into fabric
Use to be done a t home
Power Loom-larger
faster weaving system
Cloth-making in Factories
New weavers too big for
the home
Factory- a building that
houses industrial
machines
Needed supplies of
power
Arkwright built the water
frame spinning system
Went from 50,000 bolts
of cloth to 400,000 in
thirty years
Steam Powers the Revolution
1712 first steam engine
1800 - 500 of James
Watts machines
Put to use in textile
industry
Factories did not have to
be built near water
Located where there was
fuel and workers
Steam Powers the Revolution
Steam used for
transportation
Richard Trevithick- used
steam power for a
locomotive
Robert Fulton used it for
a steamship
1807 Clermont operated
on the Hudson River
Steamships replace
sailing ships
Coal for British Steam Engines
Steam engines require a
lot of fuel
Wood was scarce
Had a large supply of
coal
Coal mining grew as
steam power grew
1800 Great Britain
produced 80% of
Europe's coal
Coal for British Steam Engines
Factories built near coal
mines
Towns grew as factories
and homes were built
Miners families
experienced tragedies
Explosions
Coal dust
Collapsing shafts
Hard labor
Children slid down narrow
shafts to pick coal
Industrialization Spreads
Western Europe,
Americas
Asia and Africa did not
industrialize in the
1800’s
Industry and the West
Western countries
individual freedom a
significant force
People enjoyed political
liberty
People could compete
Western societies
competition as good
Wealth and fame was the
reward
Industry and the West
Westerners exploited
other countries to
compete
Competed to improve
inventions or processes
Industry Comes to America
Britain outlawed the
export of certain
machines
Forbid skilled craftsman
from leaving the country
1760- 1830 Industrial
Revolution mainly in
Great Britain
Industry comes to the America
United States one of the
first places to benefit
from Industrialization
1791 Alexander
Hamilton (Secretary of
the Treasury)
Industrialization would
help the United States
gain economic
independence
Wanted government to
bribe British citizens to
brink knowledge to U.S.
Industry Comes to America
Samuel Slater came from
Britain
Built a model of the
water frame in Rhode
Island
1793 built Slater’s Mill In
Pawtucket Rhode island
Became the father of
American industry
Industry Comes to America
Textile mill technology
spreads
Lowell Massachusetts
becomes the jewel of
American Industry
Lowell’s mills were forty
multistory buildings on a
network of 6 miles of
canals
Industry Comes to America
Lowell first all in one mill
Took raw cotton to fiber
to finished cloth
Hired young single girls
Provided good wages and
clean housing
10,000 workers
employed by 1850
Industry Spreads to Europe
1807 William Cockerill
founded a textile factory
in Belgium
Political unrest delayed
industrialization of
France
1848 France becomes an
industrial power
Treaties helped drop
trade barriers
Industry in Asia
Although today Japan is
one of the more
industrialized nations
Took until 1868 for
Industrial Revolution to
take hold
Meiji government came
to power modernized the
country
Japan was ahead of its
Asian neighbors