Transcript Unit 6B: Intelligence

Do Now: Define intelligence
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Characteristics of intelligence
Ability to learn from experience
Solve problem
Use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence is a concept not a tangible thing
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How is intelligence described?
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Practical problem solving
Verbal skills
Social competence
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Charles Spearman
Used factor analysis: measures correlations
between different items (shows how various
abilities relate)
General intelligence (g factor – single factor):
common skill set that underlies all our
intelligent behavior
Claim: people who score high on one factor
typically score higher than average on other
factors (different abilities to come in same
package – g factor)
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L.L. Thurstone
Defined 8 mental abilities (word fluency,
memory and reasoning)
J.P. Guilford
Over 100 different mental abilities
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Howard Gardner
 Multiple independent intelligences
 Evidence: Savant syndrome (Rain Man)
Critics
 Difference between ability and intelligence
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Daniel Goleman
Evidence of importance: Not all with highest
IQ are successful, need both IQ and EQ
Other evidence: Mischel’s marshmallow
experiment
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Robert Sternberg
3 multiple intelligences
definition of human intelligence is
“(a) mental activity directed toward
purposiveadaptation to, selection and shaping of,
real-world environments relevant to one’s life” ,
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which means that intelligence is how well an
individual deals with environmental changes
throughout their lifespan.
Sternberg’s theory comprises three parts:
componential/analytic, experiential/creative, and
practical.
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Stability v. Change
Crystallized intelligence
Definition: accumulated knowledge and
verbal skills, increases up to old age
Fluid intelligence
Definition: one’s ability to reason quickly and
abstractly; used when solving novel logic
problems
Decreases slowly to age 75 then sharply
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