Transcript Slide 1

Title:
Imperial China Collapses
Warm-Up:
List five things that you can remember about
studying China from Global History 9.
Dynastic Rule Ends in China
•Dynastic rule in China for about
3,000 years
•Qing dynasty chose to isolate China
•Qing Dynasty in power since 1644
•Opium War and Open Door Policy
allow foreign control of trade and
economics
•Chinese crave modernization
• Kuomintang overthrows Qing
emperor in 1911
Nationalism Rises in China
•Kuomintang; Nationalist party led by: Sun
Yixian
Yuan Shikai
Jiang Jieshi
•1911-Qing Dynasty overthrown
•1912-Sun becomes president of the Republic of
China
•3 Principles of the People:
1-End foreign control
2-Rights- democracy
3-Economic Stability
•Loses Military support and Yuan Shikai takes
power in 1916
•Yuan Shikai- leaves democratic ideals behind
Jiang Jieshi
•Leader of the Kuomintang in 1925
•Promised democracy and political
rights, but became less democratic and
corrupt
•Leads the nationalists in the Long
March beginning in 1933
•Is supported by the US
•Is an ineffective military leader
May Fourth Movement
• On May 4, 1919 over
3,000 angry Chinese
students gathered in
Beijing to protest the
Treaty of Versailles
– Demonstrations spread to
other cities throughout
China
– Sun Yixian believes he can
regain power, but
Communist influence
began to spread
Mao Zedong
•Organizes a Chinese Communist Party in
1921
•Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution
•Marxist ideas, but in a rural setting
•Gains support of peasants by promising
land
•Is supported by the USSR
•Strong Military leader
•Organizes China into communes, “Great
Leap Forward”, 5 Year plans, Cultural
Revolution
Chinese Civil War
•1930-Civil War erupts between
Nationalists (led by Jieshi) and
Communists (led by Mao).
•Red Army-Begins around 1927 as Mao’s
army
•Mao recruited peasants
•Trained them in guerrilla warfare
•Both sides fight Japan during World
War I-interrupt the Long March
Long March
•Begins in 1933 when Jiang’s army of
700,000 men begin to drive the
Communist forces of 100,000
westward
•Suspended when the Nationalists
and Communists join to fight Japan
when Japan invades Manchuria
•March covers 6,000 miles
•Thousands die or starve
•Ultimately Communists gain more
support of peasants and win as Jiang
and his followers flee to Taiwan
establishing Nationalist China. .
Chinese Civil War Activity
Task: In your notebook, create a propaganda poster
convincing fellow Chinese citizens to join the side in which
you support; (the Nationalists or the Communists). Your
poster must mention your side’s leader, two facts from the
day’s lesson, and be colorful.
Causes
Directions:
Copy the
chart into
your
notebook and
use the
textbook
(Chapter 30
Section 3), to
determine the
CAUSES and
EFFECTS
that the
events had on
China.
Actions/Events
Sun’s Revolutionary
Alliance overthrows
the Qing Dynasty.
Sun turns presidency
over Yuan Shikai.
The May Fourth
Movement begins.
Nationalist forces move
into Shanghai.
Communists begin the
Long March.
Japan invades
Manchuria.
Effects
Title:
Communists Take Power In China
Warm-Up:
(1) List two facts about the Long
March.
(2) Who was the leader of the
Kuomintang (Nationalist) and
who was the leader of the
Communist Party?
(3) What was the May 4th
Movement?
The Great Leap
•Mao’s plan to quickly improve
agriculture by forming massive
communes
•26,000 communes were created
•Strictly controlled life of hard
agricultural labor
•Ate in communal dining, lived in
dorms, raised children together
•Led to famine between 1960-1961
– about 20 million people starve to
death
(Mao Zedong & The Great Leap
Forward 2:45)
The Cultural Revolution
• 10 year political campaign - rekindle
revolutionary spirit and purifying
communist party
•Removes some communist leaders and
names Mao the Supreme commander of
the nation and army
•Ideological cleansing as intellectuals
and artists are targeted- executions and
exiles
•Red Guards close colleges and schools
•“Lost generation”
•Thousands are killed or imprisoned
The Red Guard
•Militant young people (teens, early
20s) who leave school to form militia
units
•Carry out Mao’s “Cultural
Revolution”
•Force people to carry the Little Red
Book
•Encourage students to turn on
teachers
•Anyone with power was at risk of
being terrorized
(Mao’s Cultural Revolution &
The Red Guard 1:30)
The Little Red Book
•Published from 1964-1976
•A collection of Mao’s quotations
•Contains themes such as
•“Correcting Mistaken Ideas”
•“All Revolutionaries are
Paper Tigers”
•Citizens had to carry the Little
Red Book at all times
Cultural Revolution Posters Activity
Video: People’s Century
The Great Leap
Title: China: Reform and Reaction
Warm-Up:
1.
Who was the supreme leader of China?
2.
What kind of government does China have?
3.
Write 2-3 sentences summing up how China progressed to present day.
Gang of Four
•Jiang Qing (Mao’s 4th wife), Zhang Chunqiao, Yao
Wenyuan, Wang Nongwen
•Were radical leaders of the Cultural Revolution
•When Mao died they are arrested and are either killed
or imprisoned for treasonous crimes
Deng Xiaoping
• By 1980 emerges as the leader of China
•Decentralizes China’s economy and opens the
country to foreign trade
•Four Modernizations- : Brings overall
modernization to China after years of stagnated
development
•Agriculture: eliminates communes, allows
farmers to grow some crops and sell them for
profit- food production increases
•Industry: allows some private businesses
•National Defense: Modernizes and improves
•Science & Technology: Welcomes foreign
technology and investment
•The Tiananmen Square massacre occurs under
his rule
Tiananmen Square
• Tiananmen Square is in Beijing
•1989-students gather to demand
democratic reforms
•Thousands go on a hunger strike
•June 4, 1989-Xiaoping declares
martial law-tanks are sent in, open
gunfire- hundreds are killed and
thousands are wounded
•Shows that Human Rights violations
are a continuing issue in China despite
reforms.
Modern Leaders
Jiang Zemin
• Comes to power in 1997
• Was seen as practical and flexible,
but a weak military leader
• US pressures China to improve
human rights, free political
prisoners, but China remains
hostile
• Resigns in late 2002
Hu Jintao
• Becomes president in 2002
• Has been a little more open to
reforms than previous leaders
• Says he is interested in
improving the lives of the
“ordinary people” of China
Hong Kong
•Hong Kong was a British colony for
155 years as a result of the Opium
War and the Treaty of Nanking
•In 1997, Britain returns Hong Kong
to China
•China promises to respect
Hong Kong’s current policies,
but Hong Kong is concerned
•China has tightened its control
of Hong Kong
Global Issues & China
Population Issues:
•About 1.3 billion people in China today
•Predicted to grow to 1.6 billion by 2043
•Most live in the Eastern part of the country where land is farmable (close to rivers)
•Has implemented a “one child policy”
•Rumors of forced abortions, discarded baby girls (Human Rights Violation)
•Ratio of children: boys to girls (117:100)
•Harder to enforce in rural areas
•Consequences could include losing employment, paying more money for social programs
Censorship:
•Early 2010-Google pulled out of China due to the government’s instance on internet censorship
•Other forms of censorship and state glorification continue in China
Global Issues & China
(Big Box Mart 2:25)
Outsourcing/Globalization:
•Outsourcing-Sending jobs from one nation to another to decrease costs for the business
either through manufacturing costs, wages, taxes, etc.)
•Globalization-Inter-consecutiveness of the world’s nations through economic, social, and
political means. Idea merges theories of cultural diffusion with interdependence.
Global Issues & China
Pollution/Climate Change:
•Definition- Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere
•How- Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and
human induced. It can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases
from human activities.
•Why is this a problem?
•Human health can be affected directly and indirectly by climate change in
part through extreme periods of heat and cold, storms, and climate-sensitive
diseases such as malaria, and smog episodes.
•Animal habitats and food sources are in danger
•Rising sea levels and melting glaciers
•What is China’s role?
•Increased pollution due to lack of regulations in many Chinese industrial centers
has decreased air and water quality.
•China accounts for 20% of all greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere.
The Green Revolution & China
Definition- Movement in the late 1960s early 1970s to increase crop yields
and avoid famines due to poor agricultural production.
How? Technology was utilized to create better seeds that would increase
the amount per harvest, be more resistant to disease, require less fertilizer
and sunlight, and be able to adopt to various soil compositions.
Why is this important? The worlds poorer nations and regions were
suffering from poor crop harvests thus triggering famines and political
instability. It was also viewed as a humanitarian issue.
Directions:
Write down 1520 facts from the
video in your
notebook.
Date____
Page____
Title: War In Korea and Vietnam
Warm-Up:
(1) Where are Korea & Vietnam located?
(2) What do you know about the Korean or Vietnam Wars?
(3) Do you know anyone who fought in these wars?
Korea
Vietnam
North Korea:
•Soviet style communist
government
•Industrial
•USSR supplies weaponry to attack
South Korea
•Kim Il Sung established collective
farms & heavy industry
•Kim Jung Il-develops nuclear
weapons (huge current issue!)
•Faces serious economic problems
South Korea
•Non-communist (supported by
Western powers)
•US steps in to control spread of
communism (containment)
•UN (United Nations) steps in and
defends South Korea
•After Korean War-South Korea
prospers
•Rules by dictators until 1987,
democratic constitution
established after
President Roh Moo-hyun
•US still supports South Korea
(The Korean War 5:54)
North Korea
38th Parallel
South Korea
The Vietnam War (1959-1975)
China
North
Vietnam
Laos
Outcome:
Thailand
South
Vietnam
Cambodia
•Ho Chi Minh-Communist leader-helps drive France & Japan
out of Vietnam.
•Hit & run tactics
•Government supported by USSR
•Ngo Dinh Diem-Anti-communist government-set up by US & France; rules as
dictator.
•Opposition to this puppet government (internal resistance)
•Vietcong (North Vietnam Forces) assassinate Diem in 1963
•US increases presence to prevent communist takeover, and met with guerilla war
tactics
Vietnam War Outcome:
•Nixon’s Vietnamization- gradually pull US troops out of
Vietnam
•1975-North Vietnam takes over South Vietnam
•1.5 million Vietnamese dead
•58,000 US troops died
•1.5 million Vietnamese flee Vietnam
•1995-US & Vietnam normalized relations
•Only one Vietnam…no North and South…one Vietnam
united under Communism
Title: Cambodia
1.
2.
3.
4.
Warm-Up:
How many Koreas are there?
How many Vietnams are there?
List three facts about the Korean War.
List three facts about the Vietnam War.
Problems in Cambodia
•1975: Communist rebels- Khmer Rouge – set up a
communist regime- brutal, violent
•Leader: Pol Pot
•Goal: transform Cambodia into a rural agrarian
society
•How: relocates people- forceful marches out of cities
to the country side
•2 million people are slaughtered during the
“transformation” to “Year Zero”
•1978- Vietnam invades and overthrows the Khmer
Rouge- a less repressive government is installed
The enormity of
what Pol Pot and
his Khmer Rouge
party did in the
latter half of the
1970s defies
hyperbole. The
only word for it:
genocide. The
death toll:
certainly more
than a million,
perhaps twice that
amount. Among
the first evidence
of the horror, this
"killing field" was
uncovered in 1980.
One of the purveyors of massacre was the Khmer Rouge
secret police, which turned this Phnom Penh high
school into its headquarters, renamed S-21. Thousands
were tortured and executed in former classrooms.
The school has now been
refashioned into the Tuol Sleng
Museum of Genocide.
Thousands of pictures of
Khmer Rouge victims hang on
its walls: men, women and
children -- including this
unidentified girl and the people
in the photos that follow -- who
were duly photographed, then
tortured and killed.
The name Khmer Rouge,
which means "Red Khmers,"
was given to a left-wing
Cambodian faction in the
1950s. Led by Pol Pot, it gained
control of Cambodia in 1975.
And then began one of the
century's greatest massacres
Pol Pot declared "Year Zero"
and began a radical program to
create an idealized agrarian
communist society. He crushed
social institutions such as
banking and religion and
emptied cities of their
inhabitants
Intellectuals and
anyone else seen as
standing in the way of
the new social order
were mercilessly
killed, while many of
those who escaped
execution died from
overwork and
starvation
The Khmer Rouge was ousted
from power by a Vietnamese
invasion in 1979. But it had
already caused the deaths of
between 1.5 million and 2
million people, according to
Western estimates. Many
victims, such as this unknown
woman, may never be
identified.
Tou Sleng prison in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
It is now a museum that recounts the brutal rule of the Khmer
Rouge.
A self portrait of Vann Nath in a tiny cell in the prison.
Guards took babies and young children from their
mothers.
Guards used hot
pliers to torture
victims.
Burial Sites
(Fighting Spreads to Cambodia
2:23)
(Laos & Cambodia 2:42)
(Student Strikes in
Cambodia 9:17)
Chapter 28-33
Extra Slides