Transcript Pacific Rim Countries

Chapter 34
Pacific Rim Timeline
East Asia in the Postwar
Settlements

Korea divided


Russian, American zone
Taiwan

Chinese occupation
○ Chiang Kai-shek


Reoccupation of some areas
Japan occupied by United States
Madame
Chiang
Kai-Shek
New Divisions and the End of
Empires

Postwar decolonization

U.S. loses Philippines
 Dutch: Indonesia
 British: Malaya

Chiang, Kuomintang

driven to Taiwan
The Pacific
Rim Area
by 1960
Japanese Recovery

American occupation


ends, 1952
Democratization

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
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women get the vote
unions encouraged
Shintoism disestablished
land redistribution
new constitution
○

modified, 1963
Liberal Democratic Party, Conservative political
party that monopolized Japanese governments
from 1955 into the 1990s.
Korea: Intervention and War

North- Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea



communist
Kim Il-Sung, to 1994
South- Republic of Korea (ROK)


Syngman Rhee
parliamentary government
Korean War
 North invades South, 1950

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
U.S. leads UN effort
China supports North
1953, armistice (Pork Chop Hill)
Emerging Stability in Taiwan,
Hong Kong, and Singapore

Taiwan
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
Hong Kong
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
Kuomintang retreats to Taiwan
U.S. Support
British colony
Chinese control, 1997
Singapore
 Independence, 1965
○ Lee Kuan Yew: Authoritarian ruler of Singapore for
three decades from 1959; presided over major
economic development.
Japan, Incorporated
Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style
 Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993


corruption raises questions
Cultural continuity

Yukio Mishima (pen name: Kimitoke Hiraoka)
○
nationalist, committed seppuku 1970
The Economic Surge
 Company unions
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
Women


traditional attitudes
Popular culture


cooperation between management, labor
Western influence
Political change
The Pacific Rim: New Japans?
Follow Japanese model- Tigers?
 The Korean Miracle
 South Korea
○ Chung-hee, 1961-(Assassinated) 1979
○ military loses power
 more open press, political action
○ new companies
 Hyundai: Major Korean industrial giant; typical of firms producing Korea’s
economic miracle.
Advances in Taiwan and the City-States
 Taiwan
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rapid economic growth
more contact with China, other neighbors
Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978
gap narrows between China and Taiwan
Singapore


similar to Taiwan
Lee Kuan Yew
○
authoritarian rule
○ returned to China, 1997

Confucianism important in economic development


benefit from Japanese influence
Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow
Mao's China and Beyond

Chiang Kai-shek
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

Kuomintang's position lessened


Japanese invasion
allies with Communists
partly due to military defeat
Communism popular

Mao gaining power by 1945
○ Defeat of Japan

1949 Communists ascendant
The Communists Come to Power
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Secession movements
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Korean War
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China supports division
Vietnam
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Inner Mongolia, Tibet
support liberation
Alliance with Soviet Union
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collapses by late 1950s
border disputes
post-Stalin changes
War with India
Economic Growth? & Social Justice
Land reform
 First five-year plan, 1953
 Mass Line approach, 1955 - Economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955
 Led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in
1956;
○ peasants lost land gained a few years earlier.

Purge of intellectuals, 1957
The Great Leap Backward, 1958 (Great Leap Forward)
 Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958
 small scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities
 led to economic disaster and ended in 1960.
 famine
 ended by 1960
Mao no longer state chairman 1960
 still head of Central Committee
 replaced by pragmatists- Led by Zhou Enlai, with Liu Shaoui, Deng
Xiaoping all opposed the Great Leap Forward
 Wanted to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level.
"Women Hold Up Half of the
Heavens"

Madame Mao Jiang Qing (Actress: Lan Ping)
 not supportive of women's rights

Communist promising
 legal equality
 work outside the home
 opportunities increase
Mao's Last Campaign and the
Fall of the Gang of Four
Cultural Revolution, 1965
 Zhou Enlai
 into seclusion

Liu Shaoqui
 killed

Deng Xiaoping
 Imprisoned
ended, 1968
Mao dies, September 1976
 Gang of Four - failed coup d'état, October 1976

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Jiang Qing
opposed by Deng
defeated by pragmatists
imprisoned for life in 1978
Pragmatists were more open to the West and capitalism
Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam
French
 interest since 1600s
 hope to convert to Catholicism
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
Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s
Peasant revolution in southern Vietnam
 toppled the Nguyen and the Trinh dynasties.

French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long)
 Unification, new capital at Hue

Minh Mang- second ruler of united Vietnam (1802-1841);
 emphasized Confucianism & persecution of Vietnamese Catholics
 French intervene, 1840s
○ Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s
 Nguyen government, puppets
 French takeover
 discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism
Vietnam: Divisions in the
Nguyen and French Periods
Vietnamese Nationalism:
Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival
 French influence
 Western-educated middle class
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Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)
 Middle-class revolutionary organization during the 1920s
 Committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French,
1929

Communist Party of Vietnam: The primary nationalist party after the
defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh
 aided by Comintern
Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941
The War of Liberation against the French
 Viet Minh = Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the
Japanese during Word War II and the French afterwards.

 Communist-dominated resistance
 Vo Nguyen Giap, Communist military commander
○ proclaims independence, 1945
○ only in North

Indochina War
 French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954
 1954 Geneva Accords, promises elections, split
The War of Liberation Against the
United States
Communists v. United States
 South
 Ngo Dinh Diem, first President of South Vietnam (1955–1963).
○ fights communists (Viet Cong)

North
 supports Viet Cong

United States
 supports military overthrow of Diem
withdraws, 1970s
 Communists

 take South Vietnam 1975
After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam
 Difficulties
 U.S. blocks international aid
○ reprisals

Economy more open in 1980s
 better relations with U.S.