Transcript 20th Century U.S./Asian Relations

th
20
Century U.S./Asian
Relations
Toughest test of the year—
STUDY!!!
1) What were the main reasons
that Japan was occupied after
World War II?
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We wanted to de-militarize their
nation after the war; their nation was
in shambles; we forced them to
restructure their government and rewrite their constitution (see more
details in essay question)
2) What was Mao Zedong's
program to renew the spirit of
the Chinese
revolution called?
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The Cultural Revolution
3) Why is there a North Korea
and a South Korea?
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Korea was divided at the 38th
parallel at the end of the war & split
into 2 separate countries
4) How was Korea controlled
after World War II?
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North Korea became communist;
South Korea became a democracy; a
1 mile buffer zone (the DMZ—
demilitarized zone) separates the
two countries still
5) How was Japan like other
imperialist nations?
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They wanted to colonize Asia and
gain more land & resources
6) What was a common force in
all of Indochina's independence
movements?
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Communist party emerged
(usually due to Northern influence—
think about their neighbors); Forces
stepped in to defend the country &
fight the spread of communism
7) In Japan, the least amount of
people work in which sector?
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Agriculture
8) What were the main reasons
that Japan went to war against
the U.S.?
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We placed an embargo on their
trade (blocked the resources they
were taking from China)
9) Why did the Japanese attack
Pearl Harbor?
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They hoped to take out our
aircraft carriers and naval forces
10) The Japanese often fought
to the last man in combat during
WWII. This
shows that they were following
what beliefs?
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Bushido; samurai code of ethics;
some elements of Confucianism—
seeking HONOR
11) Who were the Kamikaze?
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Fighters who gave their lives for
their country—associated with Japan
(suicide pilots, bombers, etc.)
12) What were the reasons for
dropping the atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki?
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They were production cities tat
provided war supplies; Truman
wanted to end the war FAST; the
Japanese would not surrender
13) Which political party won the
civil war in China and
established the
People's Republic of China on
October 1, 1949?
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The Chinese Communist Party
14) What country did China
model their economic programs
after?
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USSR
15) What is the relationship
between Tibet and China, today?
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Tense, but China still controls
Tibet although Tibet wants its
freedom
16) A unified China fought with the
Allied Forces during WWII. In 1949,
The People's Republic of China was
established as a communist country.
What occurred as a result of this?
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Domino Theory/Containment
Policy; fear of the spread of
communism
17)During the Korean War, we
were there on behalf of the
___________.
United Nations (to help the South fight
the communists (mainly in the North)
18) What was President
Truman's MAIN reason for firing
General MacArthur?
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He ignored orders & got too close
to China—Truman did NOT want a
war with China
19) During the Korean War, the
communists in the ________
were trying
to take over rule of the
____________.
North, South
20) Korea was divided at the
__________ parallel.
38th
21) What countries supplied the
Communist North Korea with
supplies and resources to fight
us?
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China & the Soviet Union (USSR)
22) While we were fighting in
Korea, a _________ with the
Soviet Union made Americans
apprehensive at home.
Cold War
23) Which leader proclaimed the
Democratic Republic of
Vietnam?
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Ho Chi Minh
24) How did France try to
maintain their influence in
Indo-China?
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They supported the antiCommunist monarchy & tried to
regain power
25) How was Vietnam split after
the Geneva Accords?
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At the 17th parallel; North &
South Vietnam separated
(communist north)
26) Which country finally
defeated the French at the battle
of Dien Bien Phu?
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North Vietnam
27) Describe Diem's rule in
Vietnam?
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Harsh, corrupt, persecuted
Buddhists, no political freedoms
28) Which President increased
the greatest number of combat
troops to Vietnam?
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Lyndon B. Johnson
29) _________ was an attack
that instigated U.S. involvement
in the Vietnam War?
Gulf of Tonkin
30) Who were the Viet Cong?
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The Communist forces in the
South (Guerilla fighters/rebels)
31) What was the turning point of the
Vietnam War in which the American
forces/public began to question whether
or not they could win?
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Tet Offensive
32) How did Mohandas Gandhi
contribute to the independence
movement of India?
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He led a revolution of non-violent
non-cooperation to defy the British
33) The separation of India and
Pakistan in 1947 was called
__________.
partition
34) Gandhi used ________
methods to gain freedom for
India.
non-violent
35) What was the Indian National
Congress?
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The group that fought for equal
rights & eventually home rule for
India (led by Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru,
etc.)
36) Why were India and Pakistan
separated?
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The Muslims in the North wanted
their own nation; they split over
religious differences
37) Why did East Pakistan
become the country of
Bangladesh?
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It was too difficult to maintain rule
from 2 different areas (geography!)
Short Answer:
38. Why was Communism so
appealing to the people of Asia
after WWII?
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Many countries were poor and
war-torn following WWII and wanted
change; many of their leaders had
proved themselves weak during the
war
39. Did the containment policy
work? Why or why not (explain
using specific examples)?
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Support your opinion with specific
examples!
40. What factors led to the rise of
Communism in China after
WW2?
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-weak Nationalist leadership during the
war
-government corruption
-unhappy peasants
-Mao and other communist
revolutionaries emerged as war heroes
after fighting the Japanese in WWII &
people were more willing to listen to their
political ideas
-The Long March had already helped
the communists gain support
41. Compare and contrast the
Vietnam and Korean Wars. (3
differences/ 2 similarities)
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Similarities:
We were there fighting communism
Part of Cold War
Communist North trying to take whole country under communist rule
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Vietnam:
We never invaded the North—we never crossed the 17th parallel
Changed culture and politics of US forever
We were not successful in stopping the communist takeover
First televised war
Lack of public support
Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point between the North &
South
Korea:
There for the United Nations
More public support
Stopped South Korea from being taken over
42. How did the United States
rebuild Japan after WWII? Why did
they want to rebuild the nation?
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HOW:
We wrote their constitution
We demilitarized them following the war
We turned them into a parliamentary
democracy/constitutional monarchy
We changed the way that their military could function
in the future (defense instead of offense)
WHY:
To make them our ally
So that we would never have to fight them again
(remove threat)
Create trade partner