Transcript EC GIS 7

Standards-based Applications for
Global Location-based Services:
THE OpenLS Initiative
Louis Hecht
Open GIS Consortium, Inc.
[email protected]
http://www.openls.org
What is the Open GIS Consortium?
• The Open GIS Consortium (OGC) is a not-for-profit, international
consortium whose 200+ industry, government, and university members
work to make geographic information an integral part of information
systems of all kinds
• Members build interface specifications to facilitate use of “spatial” or
“location” information in mainstream IT
– Operate a Specification Development Program similar to other Industry
consortia (W3C, OMG, etc.)
– Operate a companion Interoperability Program
• hands-on engineering and testing program to deliver proven network service and
content specifications in rapid time.
– Testbeds are where interface specifications are born
– Pilots test specification capability in operational settings
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
2
OGC’s Recent Accomplishments
• Perfected rapid specification process with 3 testbeds and 3 pilots
• 18+ OpenGIS™ interfaces now approved or in candidate status
– Map, feature and imagery servers
– Basic Services - catalog search and access, transformations
– Location Organizer - spatially enabled XML based capability for managing
disparate types of information and structuring that information related to a
particular event or point of interest
– GML - internet based spatial exchange format - recognized as de facto
industry standard
• Approved specifications go to ISO where they become global
standards
• 25 companies have registered their use of OpenGIS specifications in
both client-based and server offerings
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Wireless Market Conditions
• Right now it is too tough for consumers to figure “it” out - which device do I buy
– Do I really need to know the difference between WEB and WAP
• What is the Killer App? - it’s a scavenger hunt - looking for the proverbial Snipe
– Essential objective is focus on work-place apps for an untethered world
– Person to person, machine to machine and device to device
• ROI - certainly a requirement for defining priorities among classes of services
–
–
–
–
Priority setting is fundamentally a customer-based decision
LBS is a cost of doing business - not unlike 800 is today
BBWN capacity several magnitudes higher with concomitant efficiency
“useful economic life” of the billions spent and the billions more to be spent - 10-50 years
• Key Challenges - Natural Selection and Cost Justification
– Follower, Leader, Bleeder and migration along the TAC or movement to a new curve point
– Converging technologies create - either an integration “septic pool” or “gold mine”
•
How to support, manage, distribute enterprise information to multiple devices - Stack building, Service
chaining, operational connectivity, refresh paths for components
– Life cycle of technology > Life-cycle of content delivery
•
Pick your technology and pick your infrastructure very carefully
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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High Interest in Location Services
(US Survey of 1000 Cell Phone Users)
90%
71%
Extremely Interested
Somewhat Interested
80%
63%
59%
70%
Percent of Respondents
Very Interested
52%
60%
50%
31%
29%
35%
40%
34%
30%
20%
10%
29%
25%
17%
10%
9%
0%
Emergency Car/Phone
Roadside
Finder
Assistance
7%
13%
5%
E-411 &
Custom
Directions Traffic Info
Source: Strategis Group
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Interest in Wireless Location Services
by Monthly Wireless Bill
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
< $50
$50 - 100
> $100
Monthly Bill
Source: Strategis Group
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Willingness to Pay for Bundle of Location
Services - Those with Interest
Average = $27/Month
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
$0
$1 - $10
$10 - $20
$20 - $30
> $30
Source: Strategis Group
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Willingness to Pay for Real-Time Navigation
on Usage Basis
45%
Average = $2.17
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
$0
$0.25
$0.75
$1.25
> $2.00
Source: Strategis Group
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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OpenLS™ Initiative
• Why
–
–
–
–
~300 companies comprise the LBS business space
No definition of fundamental service architecture
No agreement on best of breed
No assurance offerings work together to form end to end solutions
• General recognition on the part of many in the value chain that
standards are essential
• OpenLS is an industry accepted adaptation of OGC’s rapid, market
driven specification approach to address broad challenges and features
– Multi-year phased effort - beginning with a single testbed focused on
fundamental location services
– Companion market awareness program
– Close coordination with and mutual support of other related industry
standard fora
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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The Vision for Open Location Services
To deliver open interfaces that enable interoperability and
further enable actionable, multi-purpose, distributed,
value-added location application services and content to a
wide variety of service points, wherever they might be, on
any device (even if the service points are buried in
applications or embedded devices).
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Why carriers are interested in LBS
platforms
US
FCC
–
Europe
E- 911 mandate
Mandate - ??
Large Installed Base
 Earlier deployment of 2.5G networks
 Operators burdened with $120B in
license costs
 No centrally mandated “E911
equivalent”
Major capital Expansion
$$$$$$$$$$
Need for cost recovery through location
based services
 Reluctance to invest in expensive
location determination technologies
 Strong interest in revenue
generation opportunities to recover
license and network build-out costs
Supplier push is expected both in the US and in Europe
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Technology Enablers Will Impact the Timing
of LBS Availability
Technology Enablers
Winning applications
 Accuracy of location determination
 Europe – cell ID, then A-GPS
 US – A-GPS,; Network based
solutions; hybrid solutions
Consumer
Early days
 Cost of bandwidth
 Cost of bandwidth
Enterprise
 Availability of bandwidth
 Europe 2001-2002
 US – 2002?
Later stage
 Information services
 Where am I?
 Where is the
nearest?
 Navigation
 Emergency services
 Coupons and
location sensitive
ads
 AVL
 Mobile workforce
tracking
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Why service platforms with Standard
Interfaces are needed
Content Providers
Application
Developers
Spatial Data Providers
End User
Cellular Carrier
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The ‘Walled Garden’ approach
A given package of location-based
services
Tailor-made integration with limited
partners
Difficult to adopt new applications
Weak support of new technologies
Shortsightedness of market
development
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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The ‘Open Platform’ approach
Unlimited number of location-based
services
Open API tools for easy integration with
any partner
Enables easy adoption of any
application
Flexible architecture to support new
technologies
3G & 4G readiness
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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What Carriers Want
€/$
LBS
Revenue
Growing
Over Time
Attractive Applications
 Start Simple over wide geographies
 Expand easily
 Keep introducing new, exciting applications
ARPU
, New Customers with Minimal Churn
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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What Application Developers Want
User Location
User Access Specifications
Easy
Access
To
Spatial Data (Independent of
Content
device)
Point of interest information
Content
Routing/navigation information
Real-time traffic reports
Content
Real-time weather information
Yellow pages information
Content
Content
Content
Always Most Updated • Always Fresh
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Business Requirements for Location
Services Markets and Channels
• Speed Time to Market and Mitigate Risk
– Universal Access: Any device type (browser, phone, PDA)
– Uniform Access to Content Infrastructure
– Lessen the “bumps of transition” - Advance internet-based location information
service in an orderly way
• Maintain application freshness, utility, variety of services and personal choice
– best of breed, easy to add new components or integrate for end to end service
deployment within customer friendly interface
• Enable Reliable 24x7x365 service, everywhere
• Provide Market Extensibility - support multiple service growth paths with the
same interface
– Public Safety, B2B, Telematics, Consumer,...
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Business Requirements (continued)
• Build in performance measures while enabling acceptable costs and
competitive prices with COTS and internet services
– High performance: Server-based processing & client requirements
– Flexibility: Chaining loosely coupled applications to form end-to-end
solutions
– Extensibility: Rapid deployment, global reach, comprehensive richness
– Scalable: wireless portals, exchanges, ASPs
– Secure and Privacy: Public Key Encryption, User Profiles testing
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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What location-application developers
require
• Access to many diverse resources
User’s Location
Spatial Data
• Any format
• Independent of
device
• Simple, XML based API
Unlimited
Location Content
and Information
• Points of interest
• Business Directory
• Corporate
information (for
enterprise
applications)
• Branded content
• Hundreds of
independent
content/information
providers
Personalization
Database
• User’s privacy
specifications
•User’s preferences
•Presence
• Plug and Play
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Industry-Wide Challenges - Application and
Content Space
• Ensure a smooth flow of information between content repositories, the
internet and end-user devices through open protocols
• Develop a common industry-wide communications mechanism to
access repositories, or any other distributed local content repository,
none exist today
– Accessing content with “currency” and local “accountability”
– Provide Wireless Communication Value Chain With Location Application
Interoperability
•
Wireless Operators
• 1st Tier Service Providers
•
Wireless Infrastructure - Network and Internet
Infrastructure Providers
•
2nd Tier Service Providers
•
Users
•Governments
•Employees
•Consumers
•
Internet Protocol Platform Providers
•
Component and Content Providers
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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The OpenLS Initiative: Testbed 1
• Brings together several sponsors with financial plus other resources
who have identified requirements for robust, quality location
information-based services with participants that have offerings that
meet defined requirements
– Collaborative, multi-vendor, rapid-paced, engineering testbed
– Industry and De jure Standards Coordination
• Produce Fundamental Interface Services
– Business Case & Service Architecture Based - repositories, applications,
gateways, and general services
• Low level, loosely coupled interfaces
• Infrastructure to Internet Service to device
• Provide end user experience consistent with value chain and internet business
models
• Yield open specifications, services and end-to-end solutions
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Technical Architecture Components
•
•
•
•
√ Positioning Technologies
√ Wireless Carrier Network
√ Wireless Infrastructure
√ Hardware Platform
– Database Servers
– Application Servers
– PDAs/Java/Phones
• √ Software Platform
– Spatial Database
– Application Servers
– Wireless Middleware
• √ Software Tools
–
–
–
–
Map Server
Geocoder
Routing Engine
Client Map Components
• √ Online Services
–
–
–
–
–
Mapping
Routing/Navigation
Geocoding/Reverse Geocoding
Proximity
Real-time Traffic
• √ Content
– Navigation Datasets
– Content Directories
• √ Presentation
– Image, Map, Feature, Feature
interaction
– Voice
– Text
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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…
Location Service Clients (Mobile & Desktop)
J2ME
Client
WAP
Client
Wireless Platforms &
Positioning Servers
Gateway Services
Portal Services
1st Tier Applications
Concierge
Personal
Navigator
Portal Support
Services
…
Content
Transcoder
Location Application Services
Proximity
Pinpoint
Routing
Map
Display
Map
Interaction
Itinerary
…
Registry
Location Application Support Services
Geoparser
Geocoder
SLD/
Legend
Reverse
Geocoder
…
1st Priority
2nd Priority
Data Services
Map
Server
Feature
Server
Coverage
Server
Gazetteer
Server
Directory
Server
Route
Server
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
Traffic
Server
…
Existing OGC
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Operational Architecture Requirements
• Key Objectives:
– Demonstrate Interoperability with Heterogeneous Tools and
Services
– Showcase Sponsor Technologies/Services
• Secondary Objectives
–
–
–
–
Demonstrate Scalability
Demonstrate Performance
Demonstrate Services with alternative combinations of products
Demonstrate Services on Multiple Network protocols
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Testbed Architecture
PDA
Location
Service
Clients
External data sources
(e.g. Stock, news, etc.)
1st Tier Applications
OpenLS
API
Mobile
Positioning
Server
•Concierge
•Personal Navigator
•etc
Portal
Platform
Location App Servers
(WAP/JAVA/…)
OpenLS
API
OpenLS
API
Gateway
Billing
Auth
Location
Services
Platform
•Routing (Vectors & Directions)
•Directory (Pinpoint & Proximity)
•Geocoding (& Reverse Geo)
•Map Display
•Map Interaction
•Itinerary
Location Data Servers
•WFS, WMS, WCS
•Directory
•Traffic
•Gazetteer
SERVLETS
Security
External Location App Service
& Data Providers
OpenLS
API
OpenLS
OpenLS
Responses
Requests
(XML based)
Gateway Services
* Derived from chart courtesy of Webraska
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Where Does OGC Work in the Stack?
Gazetteer, Routing, Geocoding, Tracking, LOF
Applications Layer
(Application, Presentation
Session)
Catalog and Directory Services
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link/Physical Layer
Web Map, Feature,
Coverage
Coordinate Trans.
GML
Mobile Location
Protocol
E-Mail
SMS
WWW
FTP
TCP (V4 --->V6)
Packet Ordering
Error Flow and Congestion Control
Application Multiplexing
RTP
UDP
Raw IP Packets
Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM, IP Offerings
Addressing Scheme
Routes between hosts
Fiber, Coax, Copper, Wireless
T1 ---> Frame Relay
PPP
Wire Pairs/Ethernet
Wireless/CDPD/Spectrum
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Testbed 1 Sponsors
• Hutchison 3G UK
• Sun Microsystems
• Oracle Corporation with Webraska
• In-Q-Tel
• ESRI with Signal Soft
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Schedule
• OpenLS Staff and Sponsors Prepare RFQ/CFP
– Now — Jun 18, 2001
• Issue RFQ/CFP
– Jun 18, 2001
• RFQ/CFP responders prepare proposals
– Jun 18, 2001 — Jul 23, 2001
• RFQ/CFP Responses Due
– Jul 23, 2001
• Task C: Evaluation and Preparation for Testbed Execution
– Jul 23, 2001 — Aug 20, 2001 (August 2, 2001 – 3rd Sponsors Meeting)
• Testbed Kick-off
– Aug 20, 2001
• Task D: Execution
– Aug 20, 2001 — ~December, 2001
• Testbed End
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
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Location Service Standards Framework
Defines communication protocols
(UMTS, CDMA2000, GPRS…)
Defines Interfaces to bridge
between third party apps and
capabilities
Essentially the Parlay APIs for
location services, with XML
Defines specific location application
service interfaces.
Defines foundation geospatial
application service interfaces.
3GPP/3GPP2
Parlay
Other Infrastructure Fora
MWIF, IPv6 Forum,TIA
ETSI
JAIN (Java APIs Integrated
Networks) for third party
value-added services
---------------
LIF
BREW??
XML W3C
OpenLS
OpenGIS
© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved
ISO
Other End to End
Requirements
Magic?
UDDI?
30