The History of Wildlife Management in America
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Transcript The History of Wildlife Management in America
Chapter One
Mr. Schanbacher
Troy Area High School
You will know how wildlife management in America
developed.
You will be able to list the specific actions that led to
modern wildlife management.
You will understand the role that wildlife has played in
the development of America.
You will describe the era of exploitation of America’s
wildlife.
You will understand the role outdoor enthusiasts have
played in the conservation movement in America.
What was America like before 1700?
What was PA like before 1700?
Who lived in PA before 1700?
What did they use wildlife for?
Food
Clothing
What did the Europeans use wildlife for?
Food
Clothing
Income
Because they could
Key Terms:
Wildlife Management:
Habitat:
Species:
Inexhaustible:
Closed Season:
Fauna:
Exploit:
Predators:
Detrimental:
1800- BILLIONS of Passenger Pigeons In US
1810: Alexander Wilson witnessed a flock estimated at
2,230,272,000 in Kentucky
Read Quote from Wilson
Birds were netted, clubbed, and shot by the millions by
market hunters through the 1870’s
Deforestation from western expansion led to the
extinction of passenger pigeons.
Last passenger pigeon died in the Cincinnati Zoo in
1914.
1830’s: The beaver trade was declining and the Bison
trade was beginning
1840: Rocky Mountain Fur Company shipped 65,000
skins down the Missouri River
1869: Transcontinental RR was completed
Split herd in two
Brought hunters with “modern” rifles and ammo
westward
Shipped Hides, Tongues, and Bones East
1870’s: Hides $1.25 Tongues $.025
1872 and 1873: 1.25 million hides shipped out of Kansas
What eventually ruined the Bison’s HABITAT?
Victim of:
Fences
Steel Plows
Modern Rifles
Wilderness:
Environment:
Migration:
Incubation:
Prodigious:
Girdled:
Market Hunters:
Conservationists:
1870’s: Sport Hunters led an effort to protect and
preserve America’s wild fauna
Worked to change American views on
COMMERCIALIZATION
Sport Hunting utilizes a species’ SURPLUS to manage
the population
Commercialization is essentially the same as a bounty
Created by avid fisherman and hunter John F. Lacey
1900: Ended market hunting and interstate shipment
of wildlife
Created in 1872 under President Grant
Was not until the late 1890’s that there was anyone to
control poaching on park land
National Parks are now wildlife and wilderness
SANCTUARIES
Most restocking efforts have used animals from
National Parks
President 1901-1909
Considered the “Father of American Conservation”
LOVED to hunt
Created 50 Wildlife Refuges, 5 National Parks, and 17
National Monuments
Protected Forests and Wildlife
Avid outdoorsman and hunting enthusiast
1933: Game Management still considered the definitive
work on wildlife management
Census
Home Range
Managing Population
Control Predators
Food, water, cover, and other factors
Migratory Bird Conservation Act
1929 between Canada, USA, and Mexico
Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Duck Stamp Act)
1934 has provided millions of dollars for waterfowl
management
Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (Pittman-
Robertson Act)
1937 created a 10% EXCISE TAX on firearms and ammo
(now 11% and includes archery and handguns)
Has provided over $1 billion for wildlife management
PA Game Commission 1895