Transcript The French Revolution and Napoleon

Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Bourgeoisie
Deficit spending
Faction
Émigré
Republic
Suffrage
Nationalism
8. Secular
9. Plebiscite
10. Annex
11. Blockade
12. Guerrilla warfare
13. Abdicate
14. legitimacy
The French Revolution
and Napoleon
(1789-1815)
24 questions
*Three Social Classes
• The clergy, or First
Estate
• The nobility, or Second
Estate
• Third Estate
– *Bourgeoisie=upper
middle class)
– *Sans-culotte=lower
middle class
– Peasants=approx. 90%
*Problems in 1789
• Social discontent
– 3rd estate paid for
everything
• Severe financial crisis
– Deficit spending
• Serious food shortages
– Bread riots
The King’s Louis
• Louis XV 1715-1774
– Pleasure before business
– Ran up huge debts
• *Louis XVI
– Weak and indecisive
– Called the Estates
General to carry out
reforms
Third Estate defied the king
• Claimed they
represented the people
– Mostly landed wealthy
middle class
• *Proclaimed
themselves the
National Assembly
– After thinking the king
had locked them out of
the meeting
• Vowed not to disband
until they had drawn up a
constitution for France
–*Tennis court oath
*Bastille
• On July 14, 1789 afraid
that royal troops were
going to occupy Paris
• Angry Parisians stormed
the Bastille thinking that it
had weapons
• The event that quickly
became the symbol of
the French Revolution.
98 were killed
73 wounded
National Assembly
• Ended feudal privileges
• Reorganized the Church
• Issued the *Declaration
of the Rights of Man
• Set up a limited
monarchy
The aim of every political association is the
preservation of the natural and imprescriptibly
rights of man. These rights are liberty, property,
security, and resistance to oppression
Summary
Write a summary of your notes using at least
four sentences.
European Nobility’s Reaction
• *June 1791 Louis and Marie try
to escape but are caught
– The Parisians now considered
him a traitor to the revolution
• *Denounced the reforms of the
French Revolution
– They threaten to intervene if
necessary to protect the King.
• *By 1792, France was at war
with most of Europe.
*The Jacobins
• Radical revolutionaries take control to the
Assembly
• Declare war on Europe’s tyrannical
monarchs
4 Stages of The Revolution
*Stage one
• In 1792, radicals took control of the
National Assembly
– Abolished the monarchy
– Wrote a constitution (Republic)
– In 1793, they executed Louis XVI (June)
and queen Marie Antoinette (Oct) Louis
XVII died in prison
Stage Two
*The Reign of Terror
• July 1793 to July 1794
• Robespierre and his *Committee of Public
Safety
– Religious toleration
– Abolished slavery
• “Republic of Virtue”
–“Liberty cannot be secured, unless criminals lose their
heads”
• Sent 40,000 French citizens to their deaths on
the guillotine
–15% nobility, 15% middle class and 70% traitors?
The Guillotine
• 10/10/1789 On the second
day of the Assembly debate
about the Penal Code, Dr
Guillotin submitted a
proposition in six articles
which included a
recommendation that death,
without the accompaniment
of torture and by means of
decapitation, should become
the sole and standard form of
capital punishment in France.
*Stage Three
The Directory 1795-1799
• Convention members turn on the committee
– Robespierre and members lose their heads
• *New constitution
– Creates five member Directory
– Weak but dictatorial
– Causes chaos
• Politicians turn to a military hero
– Napoleon Bonaparte (stage four)
*By 1799 France Had
Changed
•
•
•
•
•
Old social order gone
Monarchy overthrown
Church under state control
Nationalism grows (National identity)
Social reforms
– State schools, Social security for elderly,
Abolished slavery, Religious toleration
Summary
Write a summary of your notes using at least
four sentences.
The Age of Napoleon
• *Rise to power
– War hero and helped over
throw the Directory
– 1799 member of new 3 man
Consulate
– 1802 named himself First
Consul
– 1804 crowned himself Emperor
of the French
– With each step he held a
Plebiscite or ballot
*Napoleon Reformed France
• Regulated the economy by price controls,
New industry, Public works, Trained civil
service, public schools, religious freedom and
encouraged the emigres to return
• Instituted the Napoleonic Code based on
enlightenment principles and Roman law
– Equality before the law
– Religious toleration
– Merit advancement
*Napoleon’s Grand Empire
1804 to 1814
• Subdued the combined
forces of the great
European powers
• Built a vast empire by
annexing lands, making
alliances, and war
– In Spain he put his brother
Joseph on the throne
• Guerilla warfare (little war)
• English helped the guerillas
*The Russian Campaign
• Sent his Grand Army (600,000)
• Scorched earth
• 10,000 returned
The End of an Era
• 1st Downfall
• Spurred by rising nationalism
– Nations across Europe mounted rebellions against French rule
– Following a failed invasion of Russia and a major defeat at
Leipzig
• Napoleon Abdicated (1813)
– sent to Elba
– Louis XVIII became King of France
• Return
– The French were afraid the old ways would return
– Napoleon escapes and many soldiers flock to his banner
– March 1815 he enters Paris to cheering crowds
• 2nd Downfall
– June 18, 1815 he meets his Waterloo
– Exiled to St. Helena
*Napoleon Legacy
• Code, constitution,
elections, property
rights, education
• Spread revolutionary
ideas, sparked
nationalistic feelings,
Louisiana territory
*The Congress of Vienna
• Tried to restore stability and
order in Europe.
• Redrew national boundaries
• Restored hereditary monarchies
• Created the Concert of Europe
– To maintain the balance of
power
– To suppress any uprisings
inspired by the ideas of the
French Revolution
Summary
Write a summary of your notes using at least
four sentences.
Industrial Revolution is next