Transcript Document

高考冲刺英语
—— 完形填空
高级教师
王于
《高中英语课程标准和考试说明》
对高考完形填空的规定
完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共
20题(从第36~55题)，考试时间为15分钟，分值为30分，占总分
的20％。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20
个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全
面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构
恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部
分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。
词汇辨
析
语法结构
高考完形
填空考什么？
篇章结构
考点分析
完形填空题是高考英语试题中一
种综合性很强的题型。它既考查考生
的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运
用语言的能力，包括识词能力、阅读
理解能力、逻辑能力和分析判断能力
等。该题难度大、区分性强，是容易
“拉开考生距离”的试题之一 。
命题特点
1. 选文特点
以记叙文、夹叙夹议文
和说明文为主，语言地道，
幽默中蕴涵哲理，富有正面
教育的积极意义。
2. 选项设置特点
（1）首句完整不设空：目的是让考生对短文的
前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，迅速进入主题，
建立正确的思维导向。
要充分利用首句的标示作用，首句往往
是全篇的关键句，它有概括和预示全文大意
的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、
大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的重
要信息。
例文1：
Born in America, I spoke English, not
Chinese, the language of my ancestors.
When I was three, my parents flashed cards
with Chinese 36 at my face, but I pushed
them 37 , my mom believed I would learn
38 I was ready. But the 39 never came.
例文2：（陕西）
I used to live selfishly, I should admit.
But one moment changed me.
I was on my lunch break and had
______ the office to get something to eat. On
the way, I ____ a busker(街头艺人), with a
hat in front of him.
（2）侧重上下文语境：主要考查考生对上
下文的理解，要求考生能摒弃语法分析，朝着
语篇深层次的内容挖掘，借助上下文，揣摩作
者的心情、态度及说话的语气等，通过语境来
作出选择。考生一定要立足语篇环境，树立全
局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来
选择答案。
例文： （重庆）
My father bought home a sailboat when I was
ten, and almost each Sunday we would go sailing.
Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 1 .
As for me, I
2
both before twelve because of
living close to Lake Ontario.
1. A. boating
C. swimming
B. running
D. teaching
2. A. enjoyed
B. desired
C. hated
D. learned
完形填空考查的重点
以对文章的词汇意义和语篇理解为主，
以考查惯用搭配、常识和语法为辅。所给
的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴，
主要考查语境，而在通常情况下只有实词
才能较好地体现语境。
1. 从考查词的层面来看：
（1）实词为主虚词为辅：完形填空所给
的选项坚持了“以实词为主，虚词为辅”，
待选词多为名词、动词、形容词和副词等
实词，而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对
考得较少。
2012年全国各地完形填空词性分布
序
试卷名称
号
动
词
1
全国卷I
6
6
3
1
4
0
0
2
全国卷II
7
1
6
3
0
1
2
3
北京
6
4
4
3
1
0
1
4
天津
7
4
4
3
1
0
1
5
重庆
11
1
4
1
1
1
1
6
辽宁
7
5
2
2
1
3
0
7
浙江
6
6
4
2
1
1
0
8
湖北
9
4
4
1
1
1
0
9
湖南
8
4
4
2
1
1
0
67
35
35
18
11
8
5
汇 总
名词 形容词 副词
介词 连词 代词
（2）考查词汇的意义
Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked
at it, the
3
he felt and the more he wanted that apple.
He stood on tiptoe,
his tallest
6(jump)
5
4
as high as he could, but even
he was unable to touch it. He began to
up and down, as high as he could, at the
7
each jump stretching his arms to get the apple.
3. A. sadder
B. angrier
C. hungrier D. tastier
4. A. expanding B. stretching C. swing
D. pulling
5. A. strength
B. length
C. range
D. height
7. A. tip
B. stage
C. top
D. level
of
（3）考查词语的固定搭配
例文1：
It suddenly ____ me that if we want to go on a
picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations
this evening.
A. hit on
B. struck C. occurred D. drawn
例文2：
Some parents are greatly worried ___ their
children fail to do well in their studies.
A. about
B. with
C. when
D. since
例文3：
I was sitting in my regular barbershop for a hairdo.
The boss lady was starting to trim my slightly curly
hair which I believe she must be ______ with a lot
more than I do. She is my hair dresser!
A. familiar
B. popular
C. satisfied
D. angry
（4） 考查近义词辨析
例文：(北京西城二模)
Tired and exhausted, I came back home from
work. I found the front door was slightly open and I
felt a little scared. Did I carelessly forgot to lock it after
I left? I looked around
1
to see what could be
2 .
1. A. tensely B. patiently C. eagerly D. calmly
2. A. burning B. losing
C. lacking D. missing
（5）考查兼类词
一词多义、一词兼有多种词类的词也是完
形填空常设为考点的词。
例文1：(福建)
Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese,
the language of my ancestors. When I was three,
my parents flashed cards with Chinese
at
my face, …
A. custom
B. games
C. characters
D. language
例文2：（北京海淀一模）
I was in P.E. when the planes hit the
World Trade Center. As soon as I got home
and for weeks after, I saw the disaster ____ on
the TV.
A. expand
B. occur
C. strike
D. unfold
例文3：(福建)
I found the fish
surrounded in a sea of
customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I
shouted to the fishman.
A. farm
B. stand
C. pond
D. market
2. 从句子的层面来看：
(1) 考查固定句型
例文： (课标全国）
The nurse had him take a
1
in the waiting area,
2 (telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 3
someone would be able to see him.
1. A. breath B. test
3. A. if
B. before
C. seat
D. break
C. since
D. after
（2）考查语法 （主要是从句中的连词）
例文1：（天津）
I cannot thank you enough for _____
you told me one autumn afternoon when I
was nine.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
例文2：（北京）
I used to hate being called upon in class
mainly because I didn’t like attention
drawn to myself. And _____ otherwise
assigned a seat by the teacher, I always
chose to sit at the back of the classroom.
A. as
B. until
C. unless
D. though
（3） 考查句意理解
例文1：（北京）
He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It
was 1 to hang around with people when you
were the only one without wheels. He thought
about what he could do. There was no point
asking his parents, for he knew they had no
money to 2 .
1. A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair
2. A. split B. spend C. spare D. save
例文2：（北京海淀一模）
When you’re a preteen, a huge problem might
be that you just have to have a new rock-rap CD,
1 your parents won’t give you the money for it.
I thought life was so
2 when things like this
happened — until September 11, 2001.
1. A. but
B. so
2. A. unbelievable
C. unfair
C. or
B. uncomfortable
D. uncertain
D. for
3. 从语篇层面来看：
命题趋向于侧重语篇，注重语境，讲究整体
和体现语用的考查，而且考查内容多为关注情节
发展的内在逻辑联系及词语运用的能力，逾越句
子层次的试题占一半左右；要求学生要具有较强
的语篇意识以及分析语篇结构、根据上下文线索
进行逻辑推理并选择符合文章情节答案的能力。
（1）考查上下文语境
注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出
现在前文时，可以根据前文的信息提示确
定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，我们应
该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文的基
础上，再确定答案。
例文1：（天津）
Little did I know you were saving every
penny you earned to go to the ____ school.
A. business
B. fashion
C. law
D. medical
I cannot thank you for what you told me one
autumn afternoon when I was nine. After
finishing my homework, I wandered into the
dining room where you buried under piles of law
books. … When you said you were in law school, I
was more puzzled.
例文2：
All of a sudden I started to feel rather 1 .
She wondered why I was looking for this sort of
2 . I felt even more hopeless when she told me
that it would be difficult to get a job without
experience.
1. A. encouraged
C. hopeless
2. A. place
B. dissatisfied
D. pleased
B. job
C. advice
D. help
（2）考查利用词语复现
完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现
在语篇之中。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相
互衔接，从而构成一个完整的、有机的意义
整体。把握这些反复出现的词语，有助于我
们确定正确答案。
例文1：（北京）
“Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I
said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform
when I was three. It was the first time that my ____ took on
a vivid form and acted as something important to start my
training.
A. hobby
B. plan
C. dream
D. word
As I grew older and was _______ to more, my interests in
the world of dance ________ varied but that little girl’s
dream of someday becoming a ________ in the company
never left me.
文章最后：…inspires people every day to follow their
dream.
例文2：（天津）
After finishing my homework, I wandered into
the dining room where you were buried under piles
of law books. I was ____. Why were you doing what
I do — memorizing textbooks and studying for tests?
When you said you were in law school, I was more
puzzled.
A. Amused
B. worried
C. puzzled
D. disappointed
…You smiled and said, “ In life, you can do
anything you want to do.”
As young as I was, that statement kept ringing
in my ears.
例文3：（天津）
Encouraged by your _______, I have forged ahead,
with my life’ journey, less afraid to make mistakes.
A. description
B. statement
C. praise
D. introduction
（3）考查综合理解文章，找出文章的主线
例文1：（北京海淀一模）
A feeling of coldness ran down my back, and I cried
just thinking of the possibility that it could have easily
happened to my family. My mom or dad could have been
killed like that, and I would never, ever see them again. I
began to evaluate what a real ____ in my life was.
A. relationship
B. problem C. need
D. fate
When you’re a preteen, a huge problem might be that you
just have to have a new rock-rap CD, 1 your parents
won’t give you the money for it.
例文2：（北京海淀二模）
I am sure there were many other lessons that
I absorbed but no longer remember. What I did
_____, in general, was that there were
explanations that the more I understood them, the
more comfortable the world was to live in.
A. consider
B. promise
C. explain
D. learn
解题方法
1. 看清上下文，找准关键词
例文1：
Mrs. Smith asked ＿＿
questions and she didn’t scold us
either.
A. no
B. certain
C. many
D. more
例文2：（江苏）
Not giving up, he thought, if only he had
something to stand on. His school bag wouldn’t
give enough height and he didn’t want to _____
the things inside, like his lunch box, pencil case,
and Gameboy.
A. break
B. shake
C. get
D. hold
2.依据上下逻辑，确定关系
例文1 ：（江苏）
The boy wasn’t much of a fruiteater, preferring a bar of chocolate if
given the choice, ____, as they say, the
forbidden fruit can be tempting.
A. so
B. then
C. but
D. or
例文2：
I was not a large boy and the only bike we
had in our family was too 8 for me to
handle with a loaf of newspapers. I needed
a 9
one.
8. A. tiny B. slow
9. A. lighter
C. prettier
C. tall D. old
B. stronger
D. smaller
3. 牢记词组，关注搭配
例文：（天津）
I finally understood what role modeling
____ in your life.
A. found
C. kept
B. played
D. provided
4. 利用语法知识，选出正确选项
例文1：（安徽）
One afternoon, I walked into a building to
ask ____ there were any job opportunities.
A.why
C. whether
B. wherever
D. whenever
例文2：
I went into a café and asked for a coffee. 21
was waiting for my drink, I realized that there
were other people in the place , but I
sensed 22 (loneliness).
21. A．Before
C．Although
B．Since
D．While
I
5. 利用词汇的复现解题
例文：
How does a tooth go bad? The
begins in a
little crack in the enamel （珐琅）covering of
the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of
food have collected there. Then the decay slowly
spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes
into blood, and we may feel quite ill.
A. destruction
B. decay
C. fault
D. hurt
6.利用语气副词的情景解题
例文：
….I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell
backwards with an angry cry. Father took the
smoking pistol from my hand , and fired
another shot, which killed the gorilla.
A. still B. yet C. even D. already
7. 依托生活常识, 找出选项
例文1：
The amount of usable water has always been
of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs
and streams sometimes means control, particularly
in the 37 areas like the desert.
A．dry
B．distant
C．deserted
D．wild
例文 2: (辽宁)
This year I decided to do something to regain my good
name as a kindly uncle. My
1 , Tony, had never forgiven
me for the dictionary I had bought him as a birthday
present last year. His
2
had no reason to be thankful to
me either, because the year before, I had 3（presented）
their dear son with a pot of paste and some funny pictures.
1.
2.
A. cousin
B. daughter
C. grandson
D. nephew
A. friends
B. parents
C. classmates
D. brothers
例文3：
Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love
between my parents. They are very busy working
to support the family. They don’t act in the
romantic ways that I read in books or I see on TV.
_______ flowers to each other on Valentine’s Day is
even more out of the question.
A.Taking
B. Passing
C. Buying
D. Sending
能力训练：
1．夯实词汇知识，特别是动词、形容词、副词、
名词，达到能综合运用的程度。
2．掌握语法基本知识、结合词义、语境运用。
3．培养语篇能力，围绕问题寻找相关信息，归
纳概括出中心。
3．多阅读英语材料，注重“语感”和阅读理解
能
力的训练，做到见多实广。
解题方法：
总的原则: “先完意，后完形”。
八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。
三步曲：读——填——读