Transcript ecocity1a - Tarumanagara University

ecocity
Studi Mengenai Penerapan
Konsep Eco-city
Gatot Surarjo
347072010
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TUJUAN & SASARAN PENELITIAN
 Relevansi Studi :
penurunan
Indonesia
ecocity
Kondisi global climate change , tingkat urbanisasi yang tinggi, eksploitasi energi dan
kualitas lingkungan adalah issue penting di seluruh dunia, termasuk kota-ko
 Pokok Permasalahan : Eco-city sebagai sebuah konsep urban development adalah hal relatif baru;
belum ada ‘planning principles’ yang sudah terbukti sukses.
Apa driver dan barrier nya untuk Indonesia ?
 Batasan Penelitian :
Lebih kepada kajian mengenai planning principles dan pengamatan pada
perumahan berskala besar
 Tujuan, Sasaran & Manfaat Peneletian
•TUJUAN :
Mempelajari penerapan konsep eco-city di berbagai negara dan
melihat kemungkinan penerapannya di Indonesia untuk perumahan skala
besar
• SASARAN :
1. Mengidentifikasi prinsip-prinsip penting eco-city
2. Mempelajari best practises eco-city dari negara lain
3. Mengidentifikasi aspek : Teknologi, Stakeholders & Institusi
4. Mengidentifikasi keberadaan konsep eco-city ( perumahan skala besar )di
Jabotabek
• MANFAAT
: Menjadi penelitian awal yang dapat memberi gagasan mengenai
positioning (planning principles) Indonesia dalam penerapan eco-city
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ecocity
Bagan Alur Pemikiran
Study Case
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Studi Case
StudiyCa
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General
Principles
Theoritical
Eco-city
Concept
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• Eco-city
principles
• Motivation to
implement ecocity
Refference
Model for
Indonesia’s Ecocity Model
Application on
Large Scale
Housing
Development
International
Best Practises
Basic
Applied
eco-city
systems
Literatur Study
Evaluation
In depth interview
Modified
Systems as
recommendation
Fact Findings : Developers in Jabotabek
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ecocity
Item
Penjelasan
Dasar Teoretis
• Definisi dan penjelasan mengenai Konsep Eco-city
relevansi nya terkait dg Sustainable Development
• Eco-city sebagai new ideal city (Urban Theory)
• Principles & Models (utk mengaplikasikan Eco-city)
Faktor-Faktor
Keberhasilan
Penerapan Konsep
Eco-city
• 3 faktor utama :Teknologi, Stakeholders, Institusi
(hasil kajian awal)
Metoda penelitian
• Kajian Teoritis
• Studi data sekunder dan Studi Lapangan
• In-depth interview
Kasus-kasus yang
relevan
• kasus dari DongTan, Masdar, Bedzed London,
TianJin
• kasus di Indonesia : Bintaro Jaya dan Alam Sutera
Pihak yang di
interview
• Urban Planner, REI, Staff Menpera
• Konsultan Arsitek + Landscape
• Developers
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Eco-city Theory :
The Extended Metabolism Model
ecocity
Eco-city
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Eco-city Theory
The ECOCITY objectives
The main goals for sustainability in the context of urban development are:
• minimizing use of land, energy and materials
• minimizing the impairment of the natural environment.
Vision of an Eco-city
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City of accessibility for everyone
City with public space for everyday life
City in balance with nature
City with integrated green areas
City of bioclimatic comfort
City of minimized demand for land
City for pedestrians, cyclists and public transport
City of reduction, re-use and recycling of waste
City contributing to closed water cycles
City of balanced mixed use
City of short distances
City with new balance of concentration and decentralization
City as network of urban quarters
City as power station of renewable energies
City of health, safety and well-being
City of sustainable lifestyle
City of qualified density
City of human scale and urbanity
City for strong local economy
City built and managed with the inhabitants
City of development concentrated at suitable sites
City integrated into the surrounding region
City of minimized energy consumption
City integrated into global communication networks
Source : Eco-city “How To Make It Happen”
ecocity
A sustainable city, or eco-city is
a city designed with consideration of
environmental impact, inhabited by people
dedicated to minimization of required inputs of
energy, water and food, and waste output of
heat, air pollution - CO2, methane, and water
pollution.
(Richard Register, 1987)
Benefits of Eco-city (how it
Different with traditional city)
• Benefit to Liveability
• Benefit to Cost :
- lower investment cost
- lower operating & using
cost
- lower life cycle cost
- create less cost for the
general economy
• Benefit to nature environmental
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• Eco-city Theory : Tujuan Umum Eco-city
ecocity
Ecological Dimensions
• Minimize demand for land (particularly for greenfield sites)
• Minimize primary material and primary energy consumption
• Optimize interaction with municipal and regional material flows
• Minimize impairment of the natural environment
• Maximize respect for natural context
Dipakai sebagai dasar
untuk prinsip-prinsip
Perencanaan eco-city
• Minimize transport demand
Socio-Cultural Dimensions
• Satisfy basic needs and realize structures for human care
• Minimize impairment of human health
• Maximize mental wellbeing and community feeling
• Maximize respect for (anthropogenic) context
• Create a framework for good governance
• Maximize awareness of sustainable development
Economic Dimensions
• Realize a diversified, crisis-resistant, innovative local economy
• Minimize total life cycle costs (maximize productivity)
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ecocity
Eco-city Theory
SOME SUSTAINABLE CITY
(ECO-CITY) PRINCIPLES
HANNOVER
MELBOURNE
1. Insist on rights of humanity and
nature to co-exist
2. Recognize interdependence.
1. Vision
C.A.S.E. (Cities As
Sustainable
Ecosystems) by Bossel
1. Healthy (Effective)
2.Economy and Society
2. Zero Waste
3. Respect relationships between
spirit and matter.
3. Biodiversity
3. Self-Regulation
4. Accept responsibility for the
consequences of design.
5. Create safe objects of
long-term value.
6. Eliminate the concept of waste.
4. Ecological Footprints
4.Resilience and SelfRenewal
5. Model Cities on Ecosystems
5. Flexibility
6. Sense of Place
6. Ethics
7. Rely on natural energy flows.
7.Empowerment
7. Psychological Fulfillment
8. Understand the limitations of design.
8.Partnerships
8. Cooperative (Coexistence)
9. Seek constant improvement by the
sharing of knowledge.
9. Sustainable Production and
Consumption
10. Governance and Hope
Source : McDonough, 1992
Source : UNEP/IETC 2002
Source : Bossel 1998
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C.A.S.E.
CharacteristUrban Social and Institutional Urban Form and Infrastructure
ics
Strategies
1. Healthy
(Effective)
• Bioregional, needs-based economies
• Local/bioregional self-sufficiency (food, water,
and energy)
• Promotion of conserver lifestyles by meeting
needs with resourceintensive
or nonmaterial satisfiers
• Cooperative interactions
• Stable populations
• Sustainable agriculture; industrial ecology
• Walking-based cities with transit for energy efficiency
• Use of solar energy
• Compact urban form to minimize land use and maximize
green space
• Protection and restoration of surrounding ecosystems
through a system of static and dynamic
reserves
2. Zero Waste • Conserver lifestyles—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle! • Closure of nutrient loops in food production
• Recycling of wastewater
• Closure of material loops in industrial systems
• Harnessing of waste heat
• Organic architecture to reduce heat-island effect
• Fuel conservation through walking and clean-energy
transit
3. Self-Regulation • Local and bioregional governance structures
4.Resilience and • Bioregional, place-based design
Self-Renewal
• Local/bioregional economies
• Polycentric institutions and adaptive
management
5. Flexibility
• Civic participation
• Partnerships and networks
• Decentralized, polycentric structures
• Place-based decision making (from regional
down to precincts)
6. Ethics
• An ethic of care, nurtured through a process of
reinhabitation
• Peace initiatives and community development
• Trade surpluses
• Links between bioregions; global cooperation
Prinsip Healthy & Zero
Waste
dikembangkan untuk
Input bagi model ecocity
Indonesia
• Visibility of processes
• Integrated systems for water, energy, and food
• Compact buildings
• System of static and dynamic reserves, with reserves in
city linked to bioregional system
• Polycentric urban design (linked ecovillages) with
walkable centers
• Visibility of biodiversity and ecological processes in the
city
• Walkable town centers
7. Psychological • Cultivation of a sense of place through frequent, • Place-based design
Fulfillment
varied interactions
• Compact urban design for easy access to activities
with nature and bioregional celebrations
• Meaningful livelihoods and flexible work patterns
• Opportunities for creativity
• Civic involvement in restoration activities,
community service work,
and community gardening
8. Cooperative
(Coexistence)
ecocity
Melihat peranan
Stakeholders &
Institusi
• Interregional linkages and biodiversity corridors
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ecocity
Problems & Challenges
Dependency on sites of sufficient
size in appropriate locations
Obstacles
Dependency
Non-availability of suitable land due to
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lack of administrative instruments and/or
non-cooperation of land owners
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Necessity of a minimum size of the Insufficient demand potential to attract
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first implementation phase
investors / entrepreneurs for services due
to insufficient demand for local dwellings 
and thus too few potential inhabitants
Potential limitations set by
surrounding (infra-)structures and
environments
ECOCITY needs to be embedded in the
existing infrastructure (e.g. for transport),
which may compromise its sustainable
development
Suitable sites in public ownership
(municipality)
Owner is initiator or enthusiast
Contractual agreements with service
providers and developers before the start
Concentrating dwelling demand of a larger
region at the suitable sites
Consideration of the surroundings and inclusion in
planning, initiating local and regional improvements
necessary for the effective operation of an
ECOCITY
Complexity of the project requires
Inadequate political support (fear of losing 
agreement of many stakeholders on influence), and resistance from citizens 
political, economic, technical, social,
strategic and personal levels
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Holistic integrated planning
Dedication of visionary, committed and
ambitious key actors (politicians, developers,
etc.)
Formation of win-win-win-coalitions
Involvement of citizens and other
stakeholders in the decision-making process
from start- to implementation phase
Demand for ecological awareness, Need for and/or the concept of
often requiring rethinking (e.g.
sustainable development is not (fully)
questioning conventional behaviour) understood.Misuse of the terms
ECOCITY, sustainable ...
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Awareness of environmental problems and
the existence of social capital
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The environment and the surroundings are
considered worthy of protection
The economic framework favours
the status quo.
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Investment subsidies for particular elements
(e.g. solar power related equipment)
Increased attractiveness to investors and
citizens due to enhanced liveability
Delayed visibility of benefits
Improvements on conventional solutions Use of scenarios of different alternatives and
become increasingly clear only in the
sectoral good practice examples to support the
medium to long term.
recognition of benefits
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Sole focus on economic gains in
the short-term
Fear of higher (investment) costs
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Faktor-faktor mengapa
• Dipilih perumahan skala
besar
• 3 Aspek utama:
Teknologi,
Stakeholders
Institusi
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