Human Body Systems

Endocrine System

• • Gland: cells that make special chemicals Hormone: substance made in one cell that causes change in another cell

Endocrine System

• Glands and cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis • • Helps regulate other systems Sends messages to other parts of the body

Nervous System

• • • • • Central nervous system: (CNS) brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system: (PNS) all other parts of the nervous system Neuron: cell that receives and conducts electrical impulses Nerve: collection of nerve fibers where impulses travel between Brain: control of the nervous system

Nervous System

• • • Body’s central command post Gathers and interprets information Responds to information as needed • • Controls movement Delivers messages

Urinary/Excretory

• • Kidney: filter water and wastes from blood, excrete urine Nephron: unit in kidney that filters blood

Urinary/Excretory

• Produce, store, and eliminate urine and waste • Cleans the blood of waste products produced by all other systems

Digestive System

• • • • • • • • • Teeth Saliva Esophagus: connects the pharynx to the stomach Stomach: Breaks down food into a liquid Pancreas: makes digestive enzymes & hormones to regulate sugar levels Small intestine: breakdown of food, nutrients are absorbed Liver: stores & filters blood Gallbladder: stores bile Large intestine: removes water from digested food and turns it into waste

Digestive System

• Organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body • Provides nutrients to help all systems perform their job

Respiratory System

• • • • • Pharynx: passage from mouth to larynx & esophagus Larynx: contains vocal cords and produces sound Trachea: connects larynx to lungs Bronchus: connects lungs with trachea Alveoli: tiny air sacs where oxygen & CO2 are exchanged

Respiratory System

• Take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide • • Provide oxygen to bones so they can do work Removes carbon dioxide and water that cells produce as waste

Lymphatic System

• • • • • Lymph: fluid collected by vessels and nodes Lymph node: filters lymph Thymus: main gland, produces mature T cells Spleen: stores and produces lymphocytes Tonsils: defend against infection

Lymphatic System

• Collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood • Works with cardiovascular to move blood and other materials throughout the body

Skeletal System

• • • • • • Bones: 206 in human body Compact bone: no visible spaces, rigid & dense Spongy bone: open spaces, provides strength & support Marrow: produce blood cells or store fat Joint: where 2 bones meet Cartilage: soft tissue

Skeletal System

• • Support and protect the human body Allow the body to move • • Works with muscular system to help you move Protects all other systems

Muscular System

• • • • • • Skeletal muscle: allows bones to move Smooth muscle: moves food through digestive system Cardiac muscle: pumps blood around the body Tendons: connective tissue Flexor: bends your body Extensor: straightens part of your body

Muscular System

• Helps the body to move and push materials through the body • • Tendons connect muscle to bones Most organs are made up of the different types of muscle

Cardiovascular System

• • • • • • Heart: large organ in cardiovascular system Arteries: carry blood away from heart Veins: carry blood to heart Capillary: tiny blood vessels that allow exchange between body cells and blood Pulmonary circulation: blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back Systemic circulation: blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body and back

Cardiovascular System

• Transport blood throughout the body • • Moves oxygen and glucose around the body so cells can do work Moves wastes so they can be disposed of