Transcript Interdependence & Interaction
Slide 1
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 2
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 3
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 4
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 5
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 6
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 7
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 8
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 9
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 10
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 11
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 12
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 13
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 14
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 15
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 16
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 17
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 18
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 19
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 20
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 21
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 22
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 23
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 24
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 25
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 26
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 27
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 28
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 29
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 30
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 31
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 2
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 3
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 4
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 5
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 6
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 7
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 8
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 9
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 10
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 11
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 12
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 13
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 14
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 15
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 16
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 17
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 18
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 19
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 20
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 21
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 22
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 23
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 24
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 25
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 26
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 27
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 28
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 29
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 30
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited
Slide 31
Interdependence &
Interaction
In Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.
Organization of the Human Body
Cells – 1st level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – a group of cells that
perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, &
Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that
perform a specific function
Organ systems – a group of organs
that work together to perform a
specific function
Interactions within the human
body
11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Skeletal
Endocrine
Excretory
Immune
Integumentary
Reproductive
Nervous
obtains and processes
information from the
body’s internal and
external environment
directs most body
functions
main components –
brain, spinal cord,
nerves
Dendrite
Axon
Cell
Body
Cardiovascular
Circulatory
transports needed
materials to body
cells
removes wastes
main components –
heart, arteries, veins
Digestive
breaks down food and
absorbs the brokendown materials
main components –
liver
Stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
Respiratory
gets oxygen into the
body
removes carbon
dioxide
main components –
trachea or windpipe,
lungs, diaphragm
Muscular & Skeletal
Muscular – enables the
body to move
–
–
–
Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)
Striated: voluntary
(movement)
Cardio: involuntary
(heart)
Skeletal – supports and
protects the body
Work together to
enable movement
Endocrine
produces chemicals
called hormones that
help control many
body processes
main components –
glands and stomach,
pancreas (insulin),
and kidneys that
produce hormones
Excretory
removes wastes
helps regulate
water in the body
main components
– kidney and large
intestine
Immune
fights disease
main components –
liver, lymph nodes,
blood, thymus
Lymphocytes- white
blood cells
Integumentary
Skin– protects the body
keeps water inside
helps sense the external environment
Reproductive
creates offspring
determines male and
female characteristics
main components–
ovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body?
–
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
–
Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?
–
Skin
In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
air called?
–
Diaphragm
Interactions & Interdependence
Interactions: organ systems work
together to do a specific job
Interdependence: organ systems
depend on each other and cannot
work alone
Interactions: Transporting Oxygen
http://www.shands.org/
health/graphics/images/
en/9828.jpg
Respiratory – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting to
the
lungs
Alveoli – round sacs in the
lung
Moves oxygen from air to
blood
Moves carbon dioxide
from blood to air
•Cardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood stream
•Muscular – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shape muscle
Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
Interactions in digesting food
Digestive – breaks down food
into simpler substances to be
used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins
to break down food
Small intestine – completes
the breakdown of food and
absorbs the nutrients
(absorbs through villi)
Large intestine – undigested
food passes out of the body
as waste
Interactions in digesting food
Muscular –
move jaws
to breakdown food
Peristalsis- involuntary movement of
smooth muscles in the digestive tract
Enables you to swallow food
Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in digesting food
Cardiovascular –
carries nutrients
absorbed through the
small intestine to the
blood
Nutrients are carried
throughout the body.
http://www.glogster.com/media/
2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine
magnified
Movements: Muscles, Bones, Nerves
Muscular – produce movement by contracting or
shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your
body
Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food to
cells
Respiratory – brings oxygen into body, removes
carbon dioxide
Digestive – processes food for delivery to cells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport
oxygen? (3)
–
Which organ systems work together to get
nutrients to cells? (3)
–
Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)
–
Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and Feedback
Stability of Living Systems
Equilibrium – balance; stable; all parts
function smoothly
Homeostasis – process by which the body’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite of
changes in the external environment (body
balance)
Negative Feedback
One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – sweating.
When you become warm,
you perspire. Heat comes
from the body out through
your sweat
Shivering – muscles in
your body contract. This
requires energy which
generates heat to make
the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels
in the Blood
Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar glucose.
Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is
absorbed by the digestive system, blood transports the
glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the
blood
Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland
that affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels
Produced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells
Diffusion – a process where substances move
back and forth through the cell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cells
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
o (Selectively permeable allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)
The concentration of water molecules in and out of
the cell helps determine whether water enters or
leaves a cell.
Turgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cell
Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and leaves
Maintains water balance
Negative feedback in turgor pressure
Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering the plant.
An increase in turgor pressure decreases the movement of water
molecules into the cell.
An increase in water molecules entering the cell eventually causes fewer
water molecules to move into the cell.
Water Equilibrium in Animals
Thirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys
remove wastes;
adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the concentration of water in the
urine they produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?
–
Where is insulin produced?
–
Pancreas
What does insulin regulate
–
Balance
Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and
firmness to plants?
–
turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits:
–
Text: CSCOPE
Images:
–
–
–
Microsoft Clipart
DK Clipart
Other images where cited