Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Bio 100 Tri-County Technical College Pendleton, S. C.

Human Body Organization • Hierarchy of organization • Humans are composed of systems • Systems are composed of organs • Organs are composed of tissues • Tissues are composed of cells • Cells are composed of atoms and molecules

Human Body Tissues • Four categories –epithelial –connective –muscular –nervous

Epithelial Tissues • Functions – protection – absorption – filtration – secretion

Connective Tissue • Connects the body parts.

• Some examples – bone – tendons – blood – ligaments – cartilage

Muscular Tissue • Contract, or shorten, to produce movement • Types – skeletal – smooth – cardiac

Kinds of Muscle Tissue • Skeletal muscle tissue – found attached to bones – voluntary muscle • Smooth muscle tissue – blood vessels, GI tract – involuntary muscle • Cardiac muscle – heart

Nervous Tissue • Irritability – responds to stimuli • Conductivity – conducts nerve impulses over distances of the body • Makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves

The Human Systems • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Nervous • Endocrine • Cardiovascular • Lymphatic • Respiratory • Digestive • Urinary • Reproductive

Integumentary System • forms external body covering • protects deeper tissues from injury • synthesizes vit. D • location of cutaneous receptors, sweat and oil glands

Skeletal System • protects and supports • provides framework for muscles to cause movement • blood cell formation • mineral storage

Muscular System • allows manipulation of the environment • locomotion • facial expression • maintains posture • produces heat

Nervous System • fast acting control system • responds by activating the appropriate muscles and glands

Endocrine System • made up of glands • glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells

Cardiovascular System • blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.

• the heart pumps blood

Lymphatic System • picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood • disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream • houses whit blood cells involved in immunity

Respiratory System • constantly supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide • gaseous exchange occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Digestive System • breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells • eliminates undigestible food as feces

Urinary System • eliminates nitrogenous wastes • regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

Reproductive Systems • production of offspring • testes produce sperm and male sex hormone • ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to female reproductive tract • ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones

• remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus • mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn

Major Organs in Each System • Integumentary system – skin – cutaneous receptors – sweat and oil glands • Skeletal System – cartilages – joints – bones

• Muscular system – skeletal muscles – smooth muscle – cardiac muscle • Nervous system – brain – spinal cord – nerves • Endocrine system – glands that secrete directly into the interstitial fluid

• Cardiovascular system – heart – blood vessels • Lymphatic system – lymphatic vessels – lymph nodes – thoracic duct • Respiratory system – pharynx, trachea – bronchus and lungs

• Digestive system – esophagus – stomach – small intestine – large intestine • Urinary system – kidneys – ureter – urinary bladder – urethra

• Male reproductive system – testis – vas deferens – penis – scrotum • Female reproductive system – ovaries – uterus and uterine tubes – vagina – mammary glands