Transcript System notes

Respiratory,
Muscular & Skeletal
Systems
Specialized Tissues
• What are groups
of similar cells
called?
• What are the 4
basic types of
tissues in animals?
• Tissues
1.
2.
3.
4.
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
Epithelial Tissue
• Define:
• Examples:
• Include glands and
tissues that cover
internal and
external body
structures
• Skin
• Linings of blood
vessels
• Lining of digestive
tract
• Functions:
• Protect tissues beneath
• Absorption of gases &
nutrients
• Secretion of substances
• Provide sensation
Connective Tissue
• Define:
• Provides support for
body and connects its
parts
• Characteristics
come from:
• The extracellular
matrix
• What is the
extracellular
matrix?
• non-living material
that surrounds and
supports the living
cells.
• Examples:
• Blood
• Bone
• Ligaments/tendons
• Cartilage
• Adipose (fat)
• Mesenteries
• What is the
matrix of blood?
• Plasma (55% 0f
blood volume)
• What are the cells
of blood?
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets
• What is the
matrix of bone?
• Collagen protein
• Calcium Phosphate
• What are the cells
of bone?
• Osteocytes
• What is the
matrix of
cartilage?
• Collagen protein
• Elastin fibers
• What are the cells
of cartilage?
• Chondrocytes
• Why does bone
heal quickly?
• Large blood supply
• Why does
cartilage heal
slowly/not at all?
• No blood supply
Nervous Tissue
• Define:
• Examples:
• Tissue that
transmits nerve
impulses through
body
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Sensory & Motor
Nerves
Muscle Tissue
• Define:
• Examples:
• Tissue is made of
"excitable" cells that are
capable of contraction
• Most abundant tissue
type in most animals
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac
Respiratory System
• Function of
system:
• Brings about the
exchange of O2 and
CO2 between the
blood, the air and the
tissues of an organism
• Relationship to
cellular
respiration:
• Provides O2 to the
cells so that glucose
can be broken
down/converted to
ATP
The Respiratory System &
Metabolism
• What is cellular
metabolism?
• The chemical
processes occurring
within a living cell
that are necessary
for the maintenance
of life
The Respiratory System &
Metabolism, cont.
• Building of larger
molecules from
smaller ones:
• Energy is:
• Anabolism
• Breaking down of
larger molecules to
smaller:
• Energy is:
• Catabolism
• Used
• Released
Structures of Respiratory
System
• Lungs
• Main organs:
• Place of gas
exchange:
• Other structures:
• Alveoli (clusters
of air sacs that
look like grapes)
• Trachea
• Left/Right
Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Diaphragm
Muscular System
• Function of
system:
• To provide
movement for and
within the body
• What are the 2
basic types of
muscle action?
• Voluntary
• Involuntary
Energy Needs of Muscle
Types
• What cellular organelle
is found in great
numbers in muscle cells?
• What 2 muscle types
require constant
energy?
• What 2 muscle types
can require a rapid input
of energy?
• Mitochondrion
• Cardiac
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal
Body Systems & Cellular
Respiration
• What system provides
energy?
• What system takes
nutrients, gases & wastes
to/from cells?
• What system provides gas
exchange?
• What system controls
lungs?
• What system controls the
others?
• Digestive
• Circulatory
• Respiratory
• Muscular
• Nervous
Skeletal System
• Functions:
• Supports body
• Protects internal
organs
• Provides
movement
• Stores mineral
reserves
• Site of blood cell
formation
Skeletal System, cont.
• What is an
endoskeleton?
• Organisms with
endoskeleton:
• An internal
skeleton
• Mammals
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Birds
• Fish
Skeletal System, cont.
• What is an
exoskeleton?
• Organisms with
exoskeleton:
• An external
skeleton
• Insects
• Crustaceans
• Mollusks
• Organisms with
both:
• Tortoise
• Armadillo
Skeletal System, cont.
• Where do bones
meet?
• What holds 2 or
more bones
together?
• What attaches
muscle to bone?
• Joints
• Ligaments
• Tendons