Transcript Variances of Catenary-Pantograph Systems in Standards of

PACIFIC 2011
Variances of
Catenary-Pantograph Systems
in Standards of Japan and Europe
2011 - 12 - 8
Railway Technical Research Institute
Railway International Standards Center
Hiroki Nagasawa
Shinzo Noguchi
Takayuki Usuda
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Outline
• Survey the catenary – pantograph systems
in standards of Japan and Europe.
• There are many similarities in both systems.
• Some differences in the design policies.
Both have merits and demerits.
• Examples
– A : Upward force of pantograph
– B : Automatic tensioning method
– C : Management of fatigue on contact wire.
Railway International Standards Center
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Standards for OCL in Japan
• Law
“Railway Operation Act”
• Ministerial Ordinance to Provide the Technical
Standard on Railway (Shorei)
– performance standards
• Approved specification for Ministerial
Ordinance … (Kaishaku-kijun)
– Specific examples of the ordinance, not obligatory.
• Japanese Industrial Standards (JISs)
• Other documents
Manuals, Company Codes
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Standards for OCL in Europe
I suppose
• EC Directives
• Technical Specifications for Interoperability
(TSIs) by ERA
• European Norms (ENs)
– Many ENs are published by CEN and CENELEC
– Examples : EN 50119, 50367, 50388, etc.
Railway International Standards Center
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A. Upward Force of Pantograph
• Contact force of pantograph in Japan
– Set to 50 - 65 N at standstill for many lines.
– When running, it increases by aerodynamic force.
– However, it is constrained to around 100 N.
• Contact force of pantograph in Europe
– Set to 150 N at standstill for many lines.
– Intentionally increased at standstill
for carbon strips.
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Features of both systems
• The high upward force of pantograph can lead
to keep steady contact between the
pantograph and OCL.
• Reasons for the small upward force in Japan.
– To avoid trouble occurrence caused by large uplift
of the contact wire in strong wind.
– To avoid breakdown of contact wire by fatigue
from many passages of pantographs.
But it needs means to avoid contact loss of
pantograph at high speed running.
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Means for high speed running
• High voltage bus connection between two
pantographs are used in Shinkansen train set.
• This provides very stable current collection.
• Bus connection of pantographs needs
Switch-Over Sections for OCL.
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≈ 1 km
Switch 1
Switch 2
Train detector
Composition of Switch-Over Section
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B. Automatic Tensioning Method
• For high speed line in Europe
– Use of Two automatic tensioners are
recommended for each contact wire and
messenger wire.
– Construction work for this method is easier
than the jointed system (single tensioner).
– Anchoring devices have to be installed at
the mid-points of the whole wire lengths in
this method.
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Automatic Tensioning Method in Japan
• Several types of tensioners are used
– Wheel type is the most popular.
– many Spring type tensioners are also used.
• Single automatic tensioner pulls both of
messenger wire and contact wire by yoke.
• The tension of the device is changed slightly
with the position in the stroke of the device.
• Because of the tension control of the device,
there is No need for anchoring device.
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Wheel type tensioning devices in Japan
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Spring type tensioning device in Japan
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-5%
+5%
Tension
-S/2
Stroke
+S/2
Example of tension control
by automatic tensioner in Japan
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C. Managing Fatigue on Contact Wires
• Contact wire has two major stresses
– Tensile stress caused by tension
– Bending stress caused by pantograph sliding
• Bending stress increases
– with upward force of pantograph
– with train running speed
Railway International Standards Center
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Bending strain
Contact wire
Upward force
Pantograph
Bending strain of contact wire
caused by pantograph
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Background of Fatigue Management
• There are many lines with a large number of
trains passing per day in Japan.
• There are several weak points in OCL.
• There had been several troubles by fatigue
in the past.
• There have been many laboratory and field
tests on fatigue of contact wires.
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Hold
Support
Vibration
Support
Hold
Tension
mm
Structure of Fatigue Test Equipment
for Contact Wire
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Maximum Stress
Example of laboratory test results
for contact wire fatigue life
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Measurement of contact wire strain
• The strain is measured by strain gauge
attached on the contact wire.
• It is not always true that the measuring
point has the largest strain on the line.
• We use estimation of bending strain
and setting margin.
Railway International Standards Center
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Measurement in the field
Wireless LAN
Displacement
device
Transmitter
Battery
Strain gauge
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Counter measures
for fatigue of contact wires
• Prevention of pantograph contact force
increase
• Lightening of fittings for OCL
• Improvement of structure of contact wire
crossing
– Improve fitting for crossing
– Avoid crossing of contact wires
• Avoidance of mechanical connection of
contact wires in high speed area
Railway International Standards Center
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Conclusion
• There are many similarities and several differences
in standards for OCL in Japan and Europe
• These differences have already been taken into
consideration in Working Groups (WGs) of IEC TC9.
• The WGs have been developing several
International Standards.
Railway International Standards Center
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IEC TC9 Standards
• The following standards have been developed;
• IEC 60913 Electric traction overhead contact lines
(under revision)
• IEC 62313 Technical criteria for the co-ordination
between power supply and rolling stock to achieve
interoperability
(published)
• IEC 62486 Current collection systems - Technical
criteria for the interaction between pantograph and
overhead line
(published)
Railway International Standards Center
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Thank you very much
for your kind attention
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