Transcript Slide 1

Completing & Producing A Well
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The Well is Drilled - Now What?
 Logs
 A systematic recording of data
 Driller’s log, mud log, electrical log, radioactivity log
 Cased hole vs open hole
 Exact zone depths are determined using logs
 Wellhead Installation and Integrity Testing
 Completion Design and Scheduling
 Why Complete a Well?
 Tight reservoir rock with low permeability must be stimulated to
provide economic recovery
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Completion Techniques
 Perforating (Perfs)
 A perforating gun fires shaped charges through the casing and
cement into the formation allowing fluids to be pumped
into/out of the reservoir
 Hydraulic Fracturing (Frac Job)
 Water, polymers, and “proppants” are mixed to make frac gel
 The gel is then pumped into the formation under high enough
pressure to break or fracture the rock
 Acidizing (Acid Job)
 Acid is pumped into the formation and chemically reacts to
dissolve the rock
 The dissolved rock and “spent acid” are washed back to surface
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Artificial Lift
 Natural Flow vs Artificial Lift
 Reservoir pressure is key to determining how a well will flow
 In cases where wells cannot flow naturally, artificial lift may be used
 Pumping Units (West Texas!)
 Rods are run the length of the tubing with a pump on the end
 As the surface unit moves up and down, valves down hole open and
close providing a lift mechanism for the formation fluid
 Others
 Electronic Submersible Pumps (ESPs), Plunger Lift, Gas Lift
 Enhanced Recovery (common in Permian Basin but not Concho)
 CO2 Flood
 Waterflood
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Artificial Lift
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Artificial Lift
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Workovers
 Common Well Problems
 Holes in tubing/casing
 Rod parts
 Worn pumps
 Paraffin
 Weather
 Abandonment (PA’d / TA’d)
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From the Wellhead
Wellhead
Separating
Systems
Oil
Water
Gas
Tank Battery
Tank Battery
Meter
Truck/Pipeline
Refinery
Disposal Station
Pipeline
Gas Plant
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Role of Field Personnel
 Lease Operators (Pumpers)
 Handle daily field maintenance and ensure wells are producing
 Manually record production (used in regulatory and revenue)
 Artificial Lift Techs
 Optimize pumping unit performance/shoot down hole fluid levels
 Foremen
 Serve as field managers and as a liaison with office personnel
 Field Engineers
 Design and implement technical procedures/equipment
 Monitor field performance and minimize costs
 Consultants
 Supervise work crews and provide experience driven expertise
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Questions??
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