Transcript Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and

Chapter 3
Product and Service Design
4-2
Typical Phases of Product Development
• Planning
• Concept Development
• System-Level design
• Design Detail
• Testing and Refinement
• Production Ramp-up
4-3
Economic Analysis of Project Development Costs
• Using measurable factors to help
determine:
– Operational design and development
decisions
– Go/no-go milestones
• Building a Base-Case Financial Model
– A financial model consisting of major
cash flows
– Sensitivity Analysis for “what if” questions
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Designing for the Customer
House of Quality
Quality Function
Deployment
Ideal
Customer
Product
Value Analysis/
Value Engineering
4-5
Designing for the Customer:
Quality Function Deployment
• Interfunctional teams from marketing,
design engineering, and manufacturing
• Voice of the customer
• House of Quality
6
Designing for the Customer:
The House of Quality
Correlation:
X
X
X
Water resistance
Accoust. Trans.
Window
Energy needed
to open door
Competitive evaluation
X = Us
A = Comp. A
B = Comp. B
(5 is best)
1 2 3 4
5
AB
7
X
Stays open on a hill
5
X AB
Easy to open
3
Doesn’t leak in rain
3
No road noise
2
XAB
A XB
X A
5
Technical evaluation 43
(5 is best)
2
B
A
X
BA
X
6
9
B
A
X
B
X
A
2
3
Maintain
current level
Maintain
current level
Target values
6
Reduce force
to 9 lb.
Reduce energy
to 7.5 ft/lb.
10
Maintain
current level
Importance weighting
1
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
*
Easy to close
Reduce energy
level to 7.5 ft/lb
Customer
requirements
information forms
the basis for this
matrix, used to
translate them into
operating or
engineering goals.
Check force on
level ground
Customer
Requirements
Energy needed
to close door
Door seal
resistance
Engineering
Characteristics
X
X
X
Strong positive
Positive
Negative
Strong negative
BXA
BA
X
B
Relationships:
Strong = 9
Medium = 3
Small = 1
4-7
Designing for the Customer:
Value Analysis/Value Engineering
• Achieve equivalent or better
performance at a lower cost while
maintaining all functional requirements
defined by the customer
– Does the item have any design
features that are not necessary?
– Can two or more parts be combined
into one?
– How can we cut down the weight?
– Are there nonstandard parts that
can be eliminated?
4-8
Design for Manufacturability
• Traditional Approach
– “We design it, you build it” or “Over the
wall”
• Concurrent Engineering
– “Let’s work together simultaneously”
4-9
Measuring Product Development Performance
Performance
Dimension
Time-to-market
Productivity
Quality
Measures
•Freq. Of new products introduced
•Time to market introduction
•Number stated and number completed
•Actual versus plan
•Percentage of sales from new products
•Engineering hours per project
•Cost of materials and tooling per project
•Actual versus plan
•Conformance-reliability in use
•Design-performance and customer satisfaction
•Yield-factory and field