Transcript UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Facility

TANZANIA PovertyEnvironment Initiative
Public Environment Expenditure Review
Country Experience
Presented to the PEI Africa Regional Economic Forum
8-11 November 2010
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
Outline
1.PEI Program Objectives
2.Key Achievements related to Public
Environment Expenditure Reviews (2)
3.Objectives and Methodology
4.Key Findings/Recommendations
5.Policy Impact
6.Challenges and Response
7.Lessons Learned
8.Next Steps
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
BACKGROUND (1)
 PEI is a Joint Program between Government of Tanzania, UNDP Tanzania and
UNEP that commenced in July 2007 to December 2010.
 The overall goal of the program which is linked to Tanzania’s UNDAF (2007-2010) is
to contribute to poverty reduction and improved well-being of poor and vulnerable
groups through mainstreaming of poverty-environment linkages into national
development processes
 Programme implementation is coordinated by Vice-President’s Office (Division of
Environment) including
– Poverty Eradication Division (Ministry of Finance),
– National Environmental Management Council
– National Bureau of Statistics
– Prime Minister’s Office/Regional Administration and Local Government
– Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
– University of Dar es Salaam (Environment for Development)
– Civil Society Organisations
– Media organizations.
 The total budget (2007-2010) is USD 4 million of which USD 3.45 million has been
mobilized.
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
BACKGROUND (2)
Outcome (1): Institutional capacity further enhanced to integrate
environment and livelihoods issues into sector and district level plans
and to implement strategic poverty-environment interventions at local
level
Outcome (2): Improved access and utilization of environment/livelihoods
data for use in MKUKUTA process and in local level planning
Outcome (3): Sustainable financing of environmental targets contained
in the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty
(NSGRP/MKUKUTA in Swahili)
Outcome (4): Promoting efficient utilization of rangelands and
empowering pastoralist to improve livestock productivity through
improved livestock productivity and market access
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS
 Public Environmental Expenditure Review in Mbozi,
Sengerama, and Singida in Tanzania
 Public Environmental Expenditure Review in Kongwa
District Council in Tanzania
 Review of Current Practices in Applying Economic
Instruments for Environment Management in Tanzania
 Economic evaluation of Ihefu wetlands
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
OBJECTIVES: PEER Kongwa
 To evaluate actual environmental expenditure and management capacity at
the local level in order to inform future policy decision and legislation by:
 To determine whether the expenditures address policy priorities in the most
appropriate way
 To ensure that particular expenditures do address policy priorities through the
use of an appropriate approach in allocating and managing funds to produce
desired result
 To determine fund requirements, amount approved and the actual
expenditure for environmental management in the district
 To assessing the level of environmental expenditures in addressing the major
environmental challenges identified by the National Environment Policy (i.e.
capacity building and public awareness raising, climate change, ecosystems
and biodiversity conservation, institutional support, land degradation and
deforestation, policies and legal framework and pollution control)
 To assess the level of environmental expenditure for implementation of
MKUKUTA interventions related to environment
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
OBJECTIVES: PEER Mbozi, Sengerama, Singida
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To examine the budgetary systems in the local government in line with the
government environmental priorities
To determine environmental problems in the three Councils
To determine factors causing environmental problems in the three
Councils
To examine Budgeting systems and procedures in local government
authorities
To determine environmental aspects and activities considered in the
Councils budgeting process
To determine the gap between the needs of the financial resources and
the actual amount allocated and spent on environmental matters
To determine human resource capacity to manage environmental
resources sustainably
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
METHODOLOGY: PEER Kongwa
 Data for this review was mainly collected from secondary sources at Kongwa
District Council including Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks, progress
and annual reports of various projects and programs implemented in the
district. However primary data to a less extent was collected to complement
secondary data. Primary data was collected through discussion with key staff
informants such as District Executive Director, District Planning Officer,
Officials in the Department of Natural Resource and Environment, Agriculture
and livestock development. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics and Content Analysis.
 Underlying factors in deciding to use this particular arrangement are: Time
constraints and Financial resource constraints
 The methodology responds to the country needs through highlighting the
need to improve financial resources allocation for the local government
authorities so that to increase the capacity to address sustainable growth
and poverty reduction.
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
METHODOLOGY: PEER Mbozi, Sengerama, Singida
 Used a participatory approach as the main strategy for accomplishing this
assignment.
 Both primary and secondary data were collected.
 Primary data were collected through various methods including discussion
with Government officials such as Council Directors, environmental officers,
the local communities and environmental committee members, interview with
key informants and observation.
 Secondary data were collected from various council Medium Term
Expenditure Framework (MTEF), Council quarterly progress reports, Council
annual implementation reports, programmes/project document and their
associated implementation reports and any other relevant document that was
available.
 Descriptive statistics and content analysis were employed for data analysis
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
KEY FINDINGS
The key findings for the Kongwa PEER are:
 The review of public environmental expenditure indicates that the total
budget for addressing environmental challenges in the district between
2004/05 to 2008/09 fluctuated. The general trend was for the total approved
budget to be lower than the requested budget.
 In 2004/05 the bulk of public environmental expenditures was allocated to
institutional support (53%), followed by capacity building and pollution
control and sanitation. However, the majority was spent on capacity
building, pollution control and sanitation and finally only 21% on institutional
support. No funds were allocated or spent on ecosystem and biodiversity,
land degradation, policies and legal frameworks or climate change.
However, there was a change in 2006/07 and 2007/08 where for the first
time land degradation and deforestation were taken into account and it was
allocated up to 53% of the total budget for environment challenges.
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
KEY FINDINGS (PEER of 3 LGAs)
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Environmental problems are still major issues of concern and people’s
livelihoods are under threat due to the negative impacts from environmental
degradation.
Funds budgeted to address environmental issues have increased over time.
However, there are major fluctuations in environment budgets due to changing
national priorities including a higher focus on education e.g. construction of
secondary school in each ward.
Funds approved for addressing environmental issues were always far less
than the budgeted ones. The need for more funds is still an issue of concern.
In all the councils, actual expenditure of approved fund for addressing
environmental issues was quite low. Late release of funds mainly affected
activities scheduled for the last quarter of the financial year.
There is currently a deficit of qualified personnel to deal with environmental
issues at council level. The major constraints noted were inadequate
knowledge and skills to carry out their roles and responsibilities and lack of
financial support from the council.
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
RECOMMENDATIONS
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Key recommendation is to refocus the process of allocation and spending of
funds for environmental management to take into account responses to key
poverty and environment challenges including ecosystems and biodiversity,
policies and legal frameworks and climate change
Specific recommendations include;
 Funds should be allocated to address policies and legal frameworks, climate
change and ecosystem and biodiversity;
 Projects addressing land degradation and deforestation should be have access
to sustainable funding;
 Adequate funds should be approved and released on time to implement
planned environmental activities;
 The Government through its Budget Guidelines should direct and stipulate the
minimum level of expenditure by LGAs on environmental management
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LGAs should have clear objectives on environment in their MTEFs to avoid
considering environmental issues only as cross cutting;
Adequate and qualified personnel to handle environmental issues should be
recruited including a Scheme of service for environmental officers
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
POLICY IMPACT
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The PEER recommendations are being used to contribute to
policy/decision making at national, sector/local levels through dialogue
with Prime Ministers Office – Regional Administration and Local
Government as well as the Ministry of Finance to advocate for widening
the scope for regular public environment expenditure reviews at subnational level.
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The findings are also used to raise awareness of the need for increased
financial and human resources for local government authorities to
address poverty and environmental challenges on a sustainable basis.
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A key issue for dialogue will be ensuring that there are adequate and
qualified personnel at the local government level to promote sustainable
utilization of environment and natural resources for growth and poverty
reduction through appropriate training and recruitment processes.
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Also the results are being used in advocating to all LGAs to ensure that
one of the objectives on the MTEF is on environment segment.
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
CHALLENGES AND RESPONSE
 Lack of Financial and Human resources at all level –
LGA budget to be allocated more on environment
 Absence of Environmental objective code in budget
process – VPO to follow up the objective code from
MOFEA
 Lack of Environmental committees in some
communities- Implementation of EMA
 Inefficiency of Public Environmental Expenditures
review, since the LGAs staff perceive it as an auditing
process- PER advocacy to LGA staff
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
LESSONS LEARNT
[please include lessons learned from
the process of carrying out the
PEERs e.g. recruitment, capacity,
timing, resources, involvement of
partners, dialogue, follow – up]
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Government of Tanzania
UNDP-UNEP Poverty- Environment Initiative
NEXT STEPS
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Study findings will be used to raise the awareness of policy makers and
planners at local government and national levels on the need to accord high
priority to sustainable use of environmental resources by timely funding
strategies to address land degradation, protect water sources; and climate
change adaptation and mitigation.
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In addition, results will be used to advocate for the Ministry of Finance and
Economic Affairs to improve the investment in environmental services and
enhancing the tracking of environmental expenditures through a specific
environmental objective budgetary code to trace fund allocation and
expenditure by local government authorities on environmental activities.
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Furthermore, the findings of the PEER studies were presented to the
management and have assisted in decision making where the Prime
Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government has
decided to scale up to other five districts of Tanzania mainland. The
reports for the five districts are more broader including PER for other
sectors and we expect to use them to assess MDG performance in the
districts.
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