Transcript Low-Cost Fertility Options for Forage Producers

Low-Cost Fertility
Options for Forage
Producers
Dave Myers
Ben Beale
St. Mary’s County Extension
Agent
Some slides and pictures
adapted from:
Dave Myers
Anne Arundel Extension
Agent
Ben Beale
Why worry about fertility?
Why worry about fertility?
Tall Fescue Fertilization Budget
Commercial Fertilizer
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal – 5 tons bu
Unit
lbs/Acre
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
230
40
100
Price/lb
.43
.29
.26
*Fertilizer Total
Fertilizer Application Costs:
Bulk Spread (spring, summer, fall)
Fertilizer Application Costs
Fertilizer Grand Total
* Includes Trucking
$ Total/Acre
98.90
11.60
26.00
136.50
18.00
18.00
$154.50 Acre
Alfalfa Fertilization Budget
Commercial Fertilizer
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal – 6 tons bu
Unit
lbs/Acre
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
0
80
450
Price/lb
.43
.29
.26
*Fertilizer Total
Fertilizer Application Costs:
Bulk Spread (spring, fall)
Fertilizer Application Costs
Fertilizer Grand Total
* Includes Trucking
$ Total/Acre
0
23.20
117.00
140.20
12.00
12.00
$152.20 Acre
HAY, GRASS
ITEM
GROSS INCOME
HAY, GRASS
VARIABLE COSTS
SEED PRORATED OVER 3 YEARS
SOIL TEST
NITROGEN
PHOSPHATE
POTASH
LIME
2,4-D AMINE
BANVEL
PER ACRE FOR 2001
UNIT
QUANTITY
PRICE
$110.00
TOTAL
TON
4.5
$495.00
ACRE
ACRE
POUND
POUND
POUND
TON
1
1
100
50
100
0.5
$15.00
1.00
0.30
0.30
0.16
26.00
$15.00
1.00
30.00
15.00
16.00
13.00
PINT
PINT
1
0.5
2.65
13.90
2.65
6.95
INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL
$99.60
0.5
8.5%
4.23
TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS LISTED ABOVE
$103.83
FIXED/OVERHEAD COSTS (CUSTOM RATES ARE USED AS A PROXY FOR FIELD OPERATION COSTS)
SPREADING FERTILIZER
ACRE
2
$6.00
$12.00
DISKING PRORATED OVER 3 YEARS
ACRE
1
3.34
3.34
CHISEL PLOWING PRORATED OVER 3 YEARS
ACRE
1
4.67
4.67
SEEDING PRORATED OVER 3 YEARS
ACRE
1
4.67
4.67
MOWING CONDITIONING
ACRE
2
12.00
24.00
RAKING
ACRE
2
7.00
14.00
BALING HAY
BALE
150
0.50
75.00
HAUL
BALE
150
0.50
75.00
LAND CHARGE
ACRE
TOTAL FIXED COST LISTED ABOVE
TOTAL VARIABLE AND FIXED COST LISTED ABOVE
NET INCOME OVER VARIABLE & FIXED COSTS LISTED ABOVE
NET INCOME ABOVE VARIABLE AND
FIXED COSTS LISTED ABOVE FOR
VARIOUS YIELDS AND PRICES
YIELDS
3
4
5
1
50.00
$90.00
($96.51)
($6.51)
$83.49
PRICES
$110.00
($36.51)
$73.49
$183.49
50.00
$262.67
$366.51
$128.49
$140.00
$53.49
$193.49
$333.49
Enterprise Budget for Cool Season Grass Hay
Fertilizer Options?
Fertility Inputs for Forages
Manure
Commercial Fertilizer
Legumes
Bio-Solids
Back to the Basics:
• Understand the need for nutrients
• Understand how much of a nutrient we
need.
Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and
Magnesium Recommendations
Based on pre-plant soil tests and yield goal
The lower the soil test value, the higher the nutrient
recommendation
Nitrogen Recommendations
Nitrogen recommendations are based on crop
and yield goals.
Agricultural Nutrient Management Program
Potash Recommendation (lb/acre) as a function of
soil fertility level (FIV-K) for corn grain (yield goal 150 bu/ac)
160 160
135
140
120
110
95
100
# K2O/A
80
80
60
50
45
40
35
30
20
0
20
0
10
20
Low (0-25)
30
40
Medium
(26-50)
50
60
FIV-K
70
80
90 100 110
Optimum (51-100)
Excessive
(>100)
Good recommendations depend on good soil samples
UMD-AGNR Photo Archive;
http://www.photos.umd.edu
Beef/Dairy/Swine Manure
UMD-AGNR Photo Archive;
http://www.photos.umd.edu
Distribution of Available Nitrogen from Organic &
Ammonium Nitrogen Components in a Typical
Dairy Manure (assumes incorporation the same
day as application)
0.6 lb
2.4 lb
6 lb
3 lb
Unavailable
ammonium nitrogen
Available ammonium
nitrogen
Available organic
nitrogen
Unavailable organic
nitrogen
USNAD, Gambrills MD: No-Tillage System
Average Manure Analysis 1989-1997
Available
Nutrient
N
P
K
Ca
Mg
S
Mn
Zn
Cu
Stockpile
lbs/ton
3.0
7.0
16.0
8.0
3.0
1.5
0.08
0.05
0.02
Lagoon
lbs/1000gal
0.24
1.34
5.02
1.13
0.69
0.05
0.004
0.002
0.003
http://www.agnr.umd.edu/users/agron/nutrient/Plan/2003_Manure_Summary.pdf
Tall Fescue Fertilization Budget
Dairy/Beef Manure
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal -5 tons
Unit
lbs/Acre
Manure (on-farm) 15 tons/acre
Nitrogen
45 (220) 185 lbs @ .43/lb
Phosphorus
105 (40)
Potassium
240 (100)
Manure & Fertilizer Costs
Manure/Fertilizer Application Costs:
Manure cleanout 1.00/ton
Manure spreading 15 ton/acre
Fertilizer spreading
Manure Application Costs
Manure Fertilization Grand Total
(*) Amount required
Savings of $25.95
Total $/Acre
0.00
79.55
0.00
0.00
79.55
15.00
22.00
12.00
49.00
$128.55/Acre
Alfalfa Fertilization Budget
Dairy/Beef Manure
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal -6 tons
Unit
lbs/Acre
Manure (on-farm) 15 tons/acre
Nitrogen
45 (0)
Phosphorus
105 (80)
Potassium
240 (450) 210 @ .26lb.
Manure & Fertilizer Costs
Manure/Fertilizer Application Costs:
Manure cleanout 1.00/ton
Manure spreading 15 ton/acre
Fertilizer spreading
Manure Application Costs
Manure Fertilization Grand Total
(*) Amount required
Savings of $54.60
Total $/Acre
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.60
54.60
15.00
22.00
6.00
43.00
$97.60 Acre
Poultry Litter
UMD-AGNR Photo Archive;
http://www.photos.umd.edu
Poultry Litter as a Fertilizer and Soil Amendment
Authors: G. L. Mullins, Professor, Crop and Soil Environmental Science and E. S. Bendfeldt, Associate
Extension Agent, Agricultural and Natural Resources; R.A. Clark, Extension Agent, Agriculture and Natural
Resources, Virginia Tech Publication Number 424-034, Posted January 2002
Manure
type
Total N*
Total P2O5* Total K2O*
Available N
Available N
Incorporated
Broadcast
Immediately
Poultry
solid w/out
litter (53)
54
57
42
42
57
Poultry
deep pit (5)
50
50
27
27
50
Poultry
solid w/
litter (761)
72
58
43
43
58
*All nutrient values are reported in pounds per ton. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of samples.
Available nitrogen estimated based on application to a spring or fall crop.
Available N Broadcast: Assumes 60% of the organic nitrogen and 50% of the ammonium nitrogen are plant
available
Available N Incorporated Immediately: Assumes 60% of the organic nitrogen and 90% of the ammonium
nitrogen are plant available
Figure 2- 4a. Distribution of available nitrogen
from organic and ammonium nitrogen
components in a typical broiler litter
20 lb
4
lb
16 lb
Unavailable ammonium
nitrogen
Available ammonium
nitrogen
Available organic
nitrogen
Unavailable organic
nitrogen
20 lb
This litter contains 60 pounds of total nitrogen
and 36 pounds of available nitrogen per ton.
Average Poultry Litter
• Not incorporated, applied in three split
applications.
• Qualify for cost share with FIV less than
100 for N based and less than 150 for P
based.
• 1 ton of poultry litter in first year will give:
– 26 lbs
– 100 lbs.
– 100 lbs
N
P
K
Tall Fescue Fertilization Budget
Poultry Litter
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal -5 tons
Unit
lbs/Acre
Broiler Litter 8 tons/A @ 5.00/ton*
Total $/Acre
40.00
*($25/ton - $20/ton MDA cost share)
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
208 (220) (amount negligible) 0.00
800 (40)
0.00
800 (100)
0.00
Manure & Fertilizer Costs 40.00
Manure/Fertilizer Application Costs:
Manure spreading 8 ton/acre
24.00
Stock pile Maintenance
10.00
Manure Application Costs 34.00
Manure Fertilization Grand Total $74.00 Acre
(*) Amount required
Savings of $80.50
Alfalfa Fertilization Budget
Poultry Litter
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal -6 tons
Unit
lbs/Acre
Broiler Litter 4.5 tons/A @ 5.00/ton*
Total $/Acre
22.50
*($25/ton - $20/ton MDA cost share)
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
117 (0)
450 (80)
450 (450)
Manure & Fertilizer Costs
Manure/Fertilizer Application Costs:
Manure spreading 4.5 ton/acre (2X @ $8)
Manure Application Costs
Manure Fertilization Grand Total
(*) Amount required
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.50
22.00
22.00
$44.50 Acre
Savings of $107.70 (If cost share applies)
Bio-Solids-Wet
http://www.synagro.com/
Biosolids
Average Plant
Available
Nutrients:
lbs/ton
N
34.0
P
19.1
K
6.0
Tall Fescue Fertilization Budget
Bio-Solids
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal -5 tons
Unit
lbs/Acre
Biosolids 6.5 tons/acre applied by Synagro
Total $/Acre
0.00
Nitrogen
221 (230)
0.00
Phosphorus
124 (40)
0.00
Potassium
39 (100) 61 lbs @ .26/lb
15.86
Biosolids & Fertilizer Costs 15.86
Biosolids/Fertilizer Application Costs:
Bulk Spread KCL (180 lb/acre)
8.00
Biosolids/Fertilizer Application Costs
8.00
Biosolids/Fertilization Grand Total
(*) Amount required
Savings of $130.64
$23.86
$/Acre
Alfalfa Fertilization Budget
Poultry Litter
Scenario: Soil test results: K-medium, P-medium; Yield Goal -6 tons
Unit
lbs/Acre
Biosolids 6.5 tons/acre applied by Synagro
Total $/Acre
0.00
Nitrogen
221 (250)
0.00
Phosphorus
124 (80)
0.00
Potassium
39 (450) 411 lbs @ .26/lb
106.86
Biosolids & Fertilizer Costs 106.86
Biosolids/Fertilizer Application Costs:
Bulk Spread KCL (700 lb/acre)
16.00
Biosolids/Fertilizer Application Costs
16.00
Biosolids/Fertilization Grand Total
(*) Amount required
Savings of $35.34
$116.86
$/Acre
Sewage Sludge Heavy Metal
Tolerance Guidelines
De-Hydrated Sludge
• Use is similar to fertilizer.
• Granulite 5-3-0
– Mineralization rate of 50%
• In-expensive, easy to spread, readily
available in Baltimore.
• Contact: Cullin’s Lime for more info in St.
Mary’s
Liming Cost
Domino’s Lime
• May offer a good value compared to conventional lime.
• By product of Domino Sugar refinement process located in
Baltimore , MD
• Domino Lime may be obtained directly by contacting Tom Reilly,
Eastern Materials Inc. at 410 365-6839 or 410-439-1811.
Moisture
CaO (calcium oxide)
MgO (magnesium oxide)
CaCO3 Equivalent (CCE)
Pass 20 Mesh
Pass 60 Mesh
Pass 100 Mesh
2007 Rates
Delivery Miles
0-50
51-70
71-90
91-110
111-130
131-149
>150
Genstar Aglime
5.0%
51.0%
1.0%
93.0%
98.0%
80.0%
56.0%
Domino Lime
-47.24%
0.70%
80.09%
100.00%
99.72%
99.66%
Charge/Ton Delivered
$ 5.68
$ 7.30
$ 8.92
$10.55
$12.17
$13.80
$15.42 and up
In Summary:
UMD-AGNR Photo Archive;
http://www.photos.umd.edu
In Summary:
• 1) Important to get
things in the right place
– Alfalfa requires high K
• Poultry Litter, Manure
– Grasses require high N
• Sludge, Manure
In Summary:
• 2) Take good soil
test. Operate with
good information.
Do not apply
nutrients you do
not need.
In Summary:
• 3) Explore you Options.
Manure, bio-solids, poultry
litter, dehydrated sludge and
fertilizer may or may not be
a good fit depending upon
your operation.
“Any
Questions?”
Ben Beale
Maryland Cooperative
Extension
301 475 4481
[email protected]
This man knows what he is
smelling about! (Dr. Les Vough
Pictured)