LIBRARY WORKSHOP

Citing References: APA Style 2009

APA Style

http://www.apastyle.org

• Developed by the American Psychological Association • Widely used in Education & Social Sciences journals • The Publication Manual (6th ed.) has been released in July 2009 •

A

PA journal editors expect that new manuscripts submitted after January 1, 2010 , will conform to the 6th edition • Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA style for their reference list or bibliography

Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association

. (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

APA Style Home Page

http://www.apastyle.org/ • What’s New, FAQ, Online Tutorials, Supplemental Materials

APA Style Blog

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/ • Discussion of rules by APA Style experts

What’s new in the 6th Edition?

• New chapter on academic ethics  Plagiarism, Duplicate publication • New contents of writing style  Headings • New guidelines of presenting data  Reporting inferential statistics  Revised statistical abbreviations • New guidelines of displaying graphic materials • New guidelines on citing references • New rules of listing references  Electronic resources

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Writing Style

Headings Style (proceed through the levels numerically)

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5-Levels Headings Style Example

1 Introduction Method 2 Sample Selection Instrumentation and Measures 1 Results 2 2 Age Physical Health 3 Body weight and height.

Cardiopulmonary functions.

4 5 Cardiac output.

Blood pressure.

Blood flow.

Lung volume.

Mental Health Discussion Cardiac Health of Asian Populations Application of this Study Conclusions

Writing Style

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Space twice after punctuation marks at the end of a sentence Example: double space The Institute was granted self-accrediting status in 2004. Currently, we provide doctoral, master and undergraduate degrees, post-graduate diplomas, certificate courses and a range of in-service programmes to around 7,000 pre double space service students and serving teachers. In mid-2007, we promulgated a Development Blueprint for the next decade, outlining our aspiration to become a University of Education and to extend our scope of educational and research activities, our footprint and our academic impact within the Asia-Pacific Region.

Writing Style



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Do not use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list  In text: include URL in parentheses, avoid ending a sentence with a URL Example: The APA ( http://www.apa.org

) has updated the rules of publication style in July 2009, with expanded discussions on ethics … Horton, M. (2009, September 9). H1N1 prevention tips by Dr. Mark Horton [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UT2BGE_XyIY

Citing References

• Allows you to use other people’s work by giving credit to the original author without plagiarizing • Provide documentation for all facts and figures that are not common knowledge • Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your arguments • Provides the source information for others who wants to find out more about your ideas • Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher • Out of order/incomplete citations cause inaccurate citation network indexing

Citing References in Text

• References are cited in text with author-date system and listed alphabetically in the reference list • Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list • Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text • Two kinds of material are cited only in text 1. Classical works: Bible, Qu’ran e.g. (2 Cor. 5:17 New International Version) (Qur’an 5:3-4) 2. Personal communications (non-recoverable data) e.g. B. H. Philips (personal communication, May 11, 2001)

Citing Works by Multiple Authors

• 2 Authors Cite both authors every time Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system … The findings confirmed with previous study ( Smith & Johnson , 1998) • 3-5 Authors First citation: Cheung, Li, Searle, Chan, and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of … Subsequent citations: Cheung et al.

(1996) further developed a measuring system … • 6 or more Authors Use et al. (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations Kohn et al.

(2007) suggested the possible causes …

• • •

Reference Lists

Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text Entire Book Damrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Edited Book Ercikan, K., & Roth, W-M. (Eds.). (2009). Generalizing from educational research: Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization . New York, NY: Routledge.

Book Chapter Tian, C. (2009). Development of dialectical materialism in China. In B. Mou (Ed.), History of Chinese philosophy (pp.512-538). London, England: Routledge.

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Publication Place

• • Include the state abbreviation (e.g., New York, NY) for all cities of United States Include the Country for all locations outside United States Coles-Ritchie , M. (2009). Inciting change in secondary English language programs : The case of Cherry High School . New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan.

Haughey , J. C. (2009). Where is knowing going? : The horizons of the knowing subject. Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press. Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2009). Physical activity and health : the evidence explained . (2nd ed.). London, England : Routledge.

Aw, T. (2009). Map of the invisible world . Toronto, Canada : McClelland & Stewart.

Non-English Publications

• Give original title, and translate title into English with brackets Sack, F. (2006). Das offene Haus: für eine neue Architektur [Open house: towards a new] . Berlin, Germany: Jovis.

Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20 世纪西方人生哲学 [The western philosophy of life of 20th century] . Beijing, China: Remin Chubanshe.

Hiraishi, N., & Kim, T. (2007). 知識人から考える公共性 [Publicness from the perspective of intellectuals] . Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo University Press.

Journal Articles

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article.

Title of journal

,

vol

(issue), pp-pp.

• Retain the hyphen if the author’s first name is hyphenated Hue, M.-T. (2009). Promotion of spiritual development: exploration of the self and spiritualism through the practice of Chinese calligraphy. Pastoral Care in Education , 27 , 63-76.

• Include the issue no. if the journal is paginated by issue Bill, M., & Emmy, M. (2008). Writing tutors in the economics classroom: A case study. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education , 38 (3) , 21-36.

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Publications by Multiple Authors

•

Up to 7 Authors: List all authors

Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L., Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet , 374 , 620-627.

• 1.

2.

3.

More than 7 Authors

List the first six authors Omit all subsequent authors except the last & replaced with … List the last author

An article with 21 authors List the first 6 and the last author Seedat, S., Scott, K. M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E. J., Brugha, T. S., . . .

Kessler, R. C.

(2009). Cross-National Associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry , 66 , 785-795.

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References of Electronic Resources

• Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), when available, to replace as persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print & electronic sources) • If DOI unavailable, use home page URL of the source • If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source, use the full document URL (e.g. blog) • Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may change over time (e.g. Wikis) • Database information not required

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• Unique identification of electronic publication • An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency • Persistent link to its location on the Internet • Format: 10.xxxx/xxxx (e.g. 10.

1080 / 02607470903220398) • Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration agency, e.g. CrossRef.org

DOI

DOI Resolver

Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver 1.

Crossref.org

http://www.crossref.org

2.

Append the doi string to http://dx.doi.org/ e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470903220497 3.

中文 DOI http://www.chinadoi.cn/

Electronic Journal Articles

• Journal article with DOI Bore, A., & Wright, N. (2009). The wicked and complex in education: developing a transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation, implementation and professional practice. Journal of Education for Teaching , 35 , 241-256. doi:10.1080/02607470903091286 • Journal article without DOI Dresser, R. (2007). The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual language arts classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly , 34 (3), 53-66. Retrieved from http://www.teqjournal.org/ • Advance online publication with DOI Guerra, S. (2009). Colonizing bodies: Corporate power and biotechnology in young adult science fiction . Journal Children‘s Literature in Education . Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s10583-009-9086-z

Dissertation or Theses, from a Commercial Database

• Include Name of Database, and Accession or Order No.

Ko, B. (2008). An examination of teaching practices of elementary physical educators . (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database . (Pub No. AAT 3332216)

Dissertation or Theses, from an Institutional database

• Include URL of the database source Huang, J. (2009). Interactive integration: English language learning strategies, styles and tasks in a school in Fujian . (Doctoral thesis, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/

Dissertation or Theses, from the web

• Include URL of the source Xu, Z. (2008). Party controls in National Central University and Nanjing University before and after 1949 . (Master thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/ethesis/full/xu_081015.pdf

Unpublished Dissertation or Theses

Li, X. (2009). POMDP compression and decomposition via belief state analysis . (Unpublished doctoral thesis).

Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.

Meetings & Symposia

• Paper presentation or poster session Sin, K. F. (2008, March). Education reform and teacher education for inclusion in the Asian-Pacific region . Paper presented at the 1st East-Asian Symposium on Teacher Education Research, Tokyo, Japan.

• Conference paper abstract retrieved online Beauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2006, November). Becoming a professional: Developing teacher identity within programmes of teacher education . Paper presented at the International Conference on Teacher Education, Calgary, Canada. Abstract retrieved from http://ucalgarymcgilledconf.mcgill.ca/ abstracts/beauchamp_thomas.html

Newspaper Articles

Newspaper article

Cheng, A. (2009, September 23). Education system fails those most in need. South China Morning Post , p. EDT12.

Online newspaper article NEW

• To avoid nonworking URLS, give the home page URL Andrew, E. L. (2009, April 19). U.S. May Convert Banks’ Bailouts to Equity Share. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Reviews

Review of a Book • Include the author names after the book title

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Fairbrother, G. P. (2009). [Review of the book Cultural exclusion in China: State education, social mobility and cultural difference , by L. Yi ]. Comparative Education Review , 53 , 453-455.

Review of a Video • Include the year of release after the title

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Robinson, P. J. (2009). Improving outcomes for alcohol interventions: Integrating motivational interviewing into assessment [Review of the DVD Assessing Alcohol Problems Using Motivational Interviewing , produced by the American Psychological Association, 2008 ]. PsycCRITIQUES , 54 (4).

Audiovisual Media

• Video Milchan A., & Reuther, S. (Producer). (1998). The client . [DVD].

• Music Recordings Ma, Y. Y. (2007). New impossibilities [CD]. New York, NY: Sony Classical.

• Podcast

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Passmore, S. (2009, September 8). Naked Cantonese [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://podcast.rthk.org.hk/podcast/item.php?pid=45

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Blogs, Newsgroups, Online Forums

Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL • Blog post McAdoo, T. (2009, September 10). Use of first person in APA style [Web log message] . Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/use-of-first person-in-apa-style.html

• Video post Whitehouse. (2009, September 8). President Obama's Message for America's Students [Video file] . Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZZ6GrzWkw0

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Blogs, Newsgroups, Online Forums

Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL • Newsgroup post Faruk. (2009, October 2). Brain development [Newsgroup message] . Retrieved from http://groups.google.com/group/de.test/browse_thread/thread/8fff31276ed86b36/ 9d962272cb18d615?q=childhood+development • Online forum Jenn. (2009, February 14). Re: Dyslexic Student and Memorizing his Multiplication Facts [Online forum comment] . Retrieved from http://ldonline.org/xarbb/topic/15298#89028

Bibliographic Management Tools

Ref Works

Tools > Output Style Manager > Select APA 6th > Add to Favorites

Bibliographic Management Tools

EndNote

Download & Install the APA 6th Style Update Package

http://www.endnote.com/support/enapa6instruct.asp

Bibliographic Management Tools

EndNote Web

Format > Bibliography > Customize this list > Select APA 6th > Copy to Favorites

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