Transcript Status of the Antares underwater neutrino telescope

KM3NeT Neutrino TelescopeProspects for Dark Matter
Detection
Paschal Coyle,
Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008
What is KM3NeT ?
• An acronym for KM3 Neutrino Telescope
• A future deep-sea Research Infrastructure hosting a km3 scale neutrino
telescope and facilities for associated marine and earth sciences
• A consortium between the groups/institutions that have developed
the pilot neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea
(Antares, Nemo, Nestor)
Two projects funded by the EU (FP6 & FP7):
– Design Study (2006-2009): aims at developing a cost-effective
design for the construction of a km3 scale neutrino telescope
– Preparatory Phase (2008-2010): preparing for the construction by
defining the legal, financial and governance issues as well as the
pre-production of the telescope components
Science with High-Energy Neutrinos
p
n
γ
ν
•
Astroparticle physics
•
– Point sources of high-energy neutrinos
Search for exotics
– Magnetic monopoles
– galactic (quasars, SNR, PWN, SN….)
– Nuclearites, strangelets, …
– extragalactic (AGN, GRBs….)
– The diffuse neutrino flux
– Neutrinos from Dark Matter annihilation
•
Earth and marine sciences
– long-term, continuous measurements
in the deep-sea
– Particle Physics
– marine biology, oceanography,
– Cross sections at UHE
– Neutrino oscillations
– Tests of Lorentz invariance
geology/geophysics, …
-
neutrino tomography of earth
KM3NeT Partners
ANTARES+NEMO+NESTOR+OTHERS
France:
Italy:
Greece:
Germany:
Netherlands:
Spain:
UK:
Ireland:
Cyprus:
CEA/Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 (CPP Marseille, IreS Strasbourg,
APC Paris-7), Univ. Mulhouse/GRPHE, IFREMER
CNR/ISMAR, INFN (Univs. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova,
Napoli, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, LNF Frascati), INGV,
Tecnomare SpA
HCMR, Hellenic Open Univ., NCSR Demokritos, NOA/Nestor,
Univ. Athens
Univ. Erlangen, Univ. Kiel
NIKHEF/FOM (incl. Univ. Amsterdam, Univ. Utrecht,
KVI Groningen), NIOS
IFIC/CSIC Valencia, Univ. Valencia, UP Valencia
Univ. Aberdeen, Univ. Leeds, Univ. Liverpool, Univ. Sheffield
Dublin Institute for advanced studies
Univ. Cyprus
Particle/Astroparticle institutes (30) – Sea science/technology institutes (7) – Coordinators
Three Pilot Projects
2500m
4500m
3500m
Complementarity with ICECUBE
Instantaneous common view: 0.5 p sr
Averaged common view :
1.5 p sr
ICECUBE (south pole)
KM3NET (43° north)
3C 279
Mkn 421
Mkn 501
not
observed RX J1713.7-39
SS433 GX339-4
Centre
galactique
Mkn 501
CRAB
VELA
CRAB
SS433
not observed
galactic centre: 2/3 of the time
Galactic centre: not seen
Angular resolution
E>10 TeV: ~0.1 degrees
Angular resolution
E>10 TeV: ~0.7 degrees
Timeline Towards Construction
KM3NeT Conceptual Design Report
Describes the scientific objectives,
and the concepts behind the design,
construction and operation of the
KM3NeT Research Infrastructure
Downloadable from the
KM3NeT web site:
http://www.km3net.org/CDR/CDRKM3NeT.pdf
Some Design Goals
• Sensitivity to exceed IceCube by “substantial factor”
• Core process:
n+N  +X at neutrino energies beyond 100 GeV
• Lifetime > 10 years without major maintenance,
construction and deployment < 4 years
• Cost reductions by more than factor 2 cf Antares
• Angular resolution ~ 0.1 degrees (En>10 TeV)
 time resolution 2 ns
 position of OMs to better than 40 cm accuracy
Configuration Studies
• Various geometries and OM configurations have been studied
• None is optimal for all energies and directions
• Local coincidence requirement poses important constraints
Reference Detector
• Geometry:
– Optimised for 1-100 TeV
– 15 x 15 vertical detection units
on rectangular grid,
horizontal distances 95 m
– each carries 37 OMs,
vertical distances 15.5 m
– each OM with
21 * 3’’ PMTs
effective area
of reference
detector
NOT the final
KM3NeT design!
Indirect Detection from Sun
Local density~0.3-0.5 GeV/cm3
Local velocity~220-300 km/s
SUN
Large mass, but further away
spin-dependent+spin independent
Annihilation in equilibrium
Point source-cone angle~3
Visible ~50% of time
EARTH
Small mass, but close
Only spin independent- resonant at 56 GeV
Annihilation not in equilibrium
Non-point like source: cone angle~40
Visible 100% of time
MSugra Modelling
Four free parameters + one sign parameter space at GUT scale
Dark Matter relic density known from WMAP measurement
(2б 0.094 < ΩCDMh2 < 0.129)
Calculations based on DarkSUSY
Neutrino oscillations in matter and vacuum included
ISASUGRA RGEcode used
Top quark mass 172.5 GeV
NFW halo model
(0.3 GeV/cm³ at solar position)
Scanned Parameter Space:
0 < m0 < 8000 GeV
0 < m½ < 2000 GeV
sign (μ) = +1
-3m0 < A0 < 3m0
0 < tan () < 60
MSugra: KM3NeT expected exclusion
MSugra: KM3NeT Versus Direct Detection
Blue: ANTARES
Green: KM3NeT
Red: Neither
MSugra Parameter Space
MSugra: KM3NeT versus CDMS
MSugra: KM3NeT versus Edelweis II
MSugra: KM3NeT versus SuperCDMS
UED Modelling
• Kaluza-Klein(KK) theory: Universal Extra-Dimensions(UED)
model - all SM fields propagate through the compactified spatial
δ extra-dimensions
If δ = 1 then 1/R ≧ 280 GeV (from accelerator constraints)
• Lightest KK Particle (LKP), first excitation of the hypercharge
gauge boson B(1), is stable and is the DM candidate
• Coannihilation of LKP with next to lightest KK particle (NLKP)
Δ ≡ (mNLKP-mLKP)/mNLKP,
Small Δ  larger relic density
• ΩCDMh2 = 0.11± 0.006 (WMAP, 3yrs)  400<mLKP<800 GeV
UED Monte Carlo
• Use “WIMPSIM” Monte Carlo (release 03/2008)
(Blennow, Edsjö, Ohlsson, arXiv: 0709 3898)
• Capture and annihilation rates in equilibrium in the Sun
• Annihilations in c,b and t quarks, τ lepton and
direct neutrino channels
• All known matter interactions taken into account with a
“Bahcall” Sun medium model
• 3-flavor oscillations, lepton τ regeneration through the Sun
medium
• Vacuum oscillation between sun and Earth
UED: Neutrino rates at Earth
Tau channel dominant
UED: Neutrino rates at Earth
Direct neutrino production
significant at high Z
UED: KM3NeT expected exclusion
KM3NeT
Summary
• The successful construction and operation of Antares
demonstrate the feasibility of km3-scale underwater high-energy
neutrino telescopy  new window on the non-thermal universe
• The KM3NeT consortium is progressing towards the completion
of the Technical Design Report which will define the
technological solutions for the construction of a km3-scale
telescope in the Mediterranean Sea
• Neutrino Telescopes provide unique signature for dark matter
annihilation-complementary to that from direct detection
• MSugra: most of the focus point region can be excluded
• UED: delta<0.1 can be completely excluded