Hazardous Attitude - Aviation Human Factors
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Transcript Hazardous Attitude - Aviation Human Factors
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Hazardous Attitudes
Dr Claude Preitner - Senior Medical Officer CAA
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Definition
at·ti·tude (t-td, -tyd) n.
1. A position of the body or manner of carrying oneself: stood in a graceful
attitude. See Synonyms at posture.
2. The orientation of an aircraft's axes
relative to a reference line or plane, such as the horizon.
3. A state of mind or a feeling or disposition:
Having a positive attitude about work of being
arrogant or hostile.
4. The orientation of a spacecraft relative to its direction of motion.
5. A position similar to an arabesque in which a ballet dancer stands on one leg
with the other raised either in front or in back and bent at the knee.
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Hazardous
Great
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“Give me the child before age 7
and I will give you the man”
Francis Xavier, born
Francisco de Jasso y
Azpilicueta (7 April
1506 – 3 December
1552) was a
pioneering Roman
Catholic missionary
born in the Kingdom
of Navarre and cofounder of the Society
of Jesus = Jesuits.
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Carl Gustav Jung 26 July 1875 – 6
June 1961
Swiss psychiatrist , an
influential thinker and
the founder of
Analytical
Psychology (psychoanalysis)
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Definition
Attitude is one of Jung’s 57 definitions in
Chapter XI of Psychology types. Jung's
definition of attitude is a
"readiness of the psyche to
act or react in a certain way"
(Jung, [1921] 1971:par. 687). Attitudes very often come in
pairs, one conscious and the other unconscious. Within this
broad definition Jung defines several attitudes.
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Personality – 5
characteristics (Jung)
Openness
(inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious).
Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure,
unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of
experience.
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Personality – 5
characteristics (Jung)
Conscientiousness – (efficient/organized
vs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to show
self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for
achievement and planned rather than
spontaneous behaviour.
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Personality– 5
characteristics (Jung)
Extraversion – (outgoing/energetic vs.
solitary/reserved). Energy, positive
emotions, urgency, and the tendency to
seek stimulation in the company of others.
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Personality– 5
characteristics (Jung)-
Agreeableness – (friendly/compassionate
vs. cold/unkind). A tendency to be
compassionate and cooperative rather than
suspicious and antagonistic towards others.
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Personality - – 5
characteristics (Jung)
Neuroticism – (sensitive/nervous vs.
secure/confident).
A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions
easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression,
or vulnerability
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Personality – Nature vs
Nurture ~ 50% – 50%
Openness to Experience 57%
Extraversion 54%
Conscientiousness 49%
Neuroticism 48%
Agreeableness 42%
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Other models
• Type A and Type B personality
• Sanguine quick, impulsive, and relatively short-lived
reactions. (hot/wet)
phlegmatic a longer response-delay, but short-lived
esponse. (cold/wet)
choleric short response time-delay, but response sustained
for a relatively long time. (hot/dry)
melancholic (Also called "Melancholy") long response
time-delay, response sustained at length, if not, seemingly,
permanently. (cold/dry)
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Other common model
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FAA - Civil Aerospace Medical
Institute (CAMI)
Oklahoma City
Pilot medical certification
Aerospace medical education
Aerospace medical and human
factors research
Aviation industry drug and
alcohol testing
Occupational Health
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Attitude in aviation Aeronautical Decision Making
FAA Research on ADM showing (1987) :
training in ADM 10 – 50 % less ADM
related accident.
FAA publication on Aeronautical Decision
Making (ADM): AC #60-22
(December 1991)
Approach to risk management
How Attitude affects ADM
Attitude self-profiling
How attitude can be changed
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Definitions (AC #60-22)
ADM: Systematic approach to the
mental process used by pilots to
consistently determine the best course
of action in a given set of
circumstances
Personality is the embodiment of
personal traits and characteristic of an
individual that are set at a very early
age and extremely resistant to change
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Attitude
Attitude is a personal motivational
predisposition to respond to persons,
situation, or events in a given manner.
Attitude management is the ability to
recognisee hazardous attitudes in
oneself and the willingness to modify
them as necessary
FAA recognises 5 hazardous attitudes
in aviation
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Antiauthority
Don’t tell me what
to do
Antidote
Follow the rules
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Invulnerability
It want happen to me
Antidote
It could happen to me
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Macho
I can do it
Antidote:
Taking chances is
foolish
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Impulsivity
Do something
quickly
Antidote
Not so fast
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I want
this now
Resignation
What’s the use ?
Antidote
I am not helpless,
I can make a
Well so
difference
be it !
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What is this guy’s attitude ?
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Example of Good Attitude
All who are practically concerned
with aerial navigation agree that the
safety of the operator is more important
to successful experimentation than any
other point.
The history of past investigation demonstrates
that greater prudence is needed rather than
greater skill.
(Wilbur Wright – 1901 – two 2 years before first flight)
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Attitude Change
Attitudes are relatively constant
but not necessarily permanent
Role of experience
Attitude change through cognition
(learning)
Attitude change through emotions
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Conclusion
Good ADM depends on:
Safe attitude:
Is knowing one’s attitude
Ability to modify one’s attitude
Ability to cope with stress
Learning the pitfalls
Avoiding the pitfalls
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Steps for good ADM
Identifying personal hazardous attitudes
Learning behavioural modification
techniques
Learning how to recognise and cope
with stress
Develop risk assessment skills
Using all resources
Evaluating the effectiveness of one’s
ADM skills
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Knowing Operational Pitfalls
Flying when unwell
Neglect of preparation
Peer pressure
Mind set
Get-there-itis
Duck under syndrome
(IFR approach)
Scud running
VFR in IMC
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Getting behind
aircraft
Loss of situational
awareness
Low fuel reserve
Descent below minima –
en route
Flying outside the aircraft
envelope
Resource
FAA – AC # 60-22
Will help you with passing on
the message to sudents
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Safe attitude is also about
acknowledging what we
don’t know
What I
Don’t
want to
know
What I
think
I know
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What I
don’t know
I don’t
know
What I
know
I know
What I
know
What I
know
I don’t
know
What I
don’t know
I know
Example of Good Attitude
All who are practically concerned
with aerial navigation agree that the
safety of the operator is more important
to successful experimentation than any
other point.
The history of past investigation demonstrates
that greater prudence is needed rather than
greater skill.
(Wilbur Wright – 1901 – two 2 years before first flight)
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Herman Geiger
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Questions ?
Rosa Blanche
Glacier – 1964
10’000 ft
Dr Preitner Senior
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