Transcript Document

Understanding Your
Community
And
Assessing Your Community
Health Assets & Needs
Folakemi T. Odedina, PhD
Professor, College of Pharmacy
Director, UFPDC Community
Outreach & Minority Affairs
University of Florida
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Financial Disclosure
• NONE
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Acknowledgement
• Funding Support provided by:
• University of Florida
• College of Pharmacy
• Shands Cancer Center
• Office of the Vice President of
Research
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Learning Objectives
• Understand community health
assessment.
• Understand the action steps
necessary for community
health assessment and
evaluation.
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Required Reading
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. Community
Health Assessment and
Group Evaluation (CHANGE)
Action Guide: Building a
Foundation of Knowledge
to Prioritize Community
Needs. Atlanta: U.S.
Department of Health and
Human Services, 2010.
http://www.cdc.gov/health
ycommunitiesprogram/tool
s/change/pdf/changeaction
guide.pdf
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CHA Defined
• A continuous process involving
data collection, analyses,
interpretation and dissemination
of community health status,
assets, needs, and gaps.
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Guide tool to help:
• Engage residents to address community
health.
• Determine health and disease patterns,
pathways, causes and consequences.
• Establish the use of, access to, and
management of health resources within the
community.
• Develop community-tailored interventions to
improve community health.
• Determine process and outcome benchmarks
to assess the effectiveness of communitybased interventions in improving health or
reducing disease burden.
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Action Steps
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Action Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Assemble the Community Team
Develop Team Strategy
Review Community Sectors
Gather Data
Review Data Gathered
Enter Data
Review Consolidated Data
Build the Community Action
Plan
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Action Step 1
Assemble the Community Team
• Define “the community”.
• Assemble a team of 10-12 representing
diverse key stakeholders within the
community.
• Define purpose and clarify vision.
• Develop rules, roles, procedures, and
responsibilities .
• Raise awareness about the team.
• Generate funds to support the team.
• Assign tasks to each member based on skills
and available resources.
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Action Step 2
Develop Team Strategy
• Team members work together to
develop a consensus on strategy for
CHA.
• Team may decide to work as a group or
create sub-groups that will report back
to the group.
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Action Step 3
Confirm assessment needs for all
community sectors
• Five community sectors
1. Community-At-Large
2. Community
Institutions/Organizations
3. Health Care
4. School
5. Work Site
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1. Community-At-Large
Community-wide
efforts that impact
the social and built
environments,
such as food
access, walkability
or bikeability,
tobacco-free
policies, and
personal safety.
• Demographic
– Demographics of people within the community.
• Physical Activity
– To what extent does the community maintain parks.
• Nutrition
– To what extent does the community encourage
community gardening.
• Tobacco
– To what extent does the community institute a
smoke-free policy.
• Chronic Disease Management
– To what extent does the community provide
emergency medical care.
• Leadership
– To what extent does the community participate in
the public policy process.
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2. Community Institution/Organization (CIO)
Entities within the
community that
provide a broad
range of human
services and access
to facilities, such as
faith-based
organizations, senior
centers, wellness
organizations, and
colleges and
universities.
• Demographic
– Demographics of organization e.g. private vs public.
• Physical Activity
– To what extent does the COI provide a safe area.
• Nutrition
– To what extent does the COI institute nutritional
labeling in food venues.
• Tobacco
– To what extent does the COI ban tobacco vending
sales.
• Chronic Disease Management
– To what extent does the COI provide access to an
onsite nurse.
• Leadership
– To what extent does the COI have a wellness coordinator.
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3. Health Care facility (HCF)
Places people go
to receive
preventive care or
treatment, or
emergency health
care services, such
as hospitals,
private doctors’
offices, and
community clinics.
• Demographic
– Demographics e.g. # of staff, # of patients.
• Physical Activity
– To what extent does the HCF promote stairwell use.
• Nutrition
– To what extent does the HCF institute healthy food
purchasing for cafeteria.
• Tobacco
– To what extent does the HCF provide advice and
counseling about tobacco use.
• Chronic Disease Management
– To what extent does the HCF provide cancer screening
for at-risk adults.
• Leadership
– To what extent does the HCF provide access to medical
services outside of regular working hours
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4. School
• Demographic
All primary and
secondary
learning
institutions,
including public
and private.
– Demographics e.g. # of students, type of school.
• Physical Activity
– To what extent does the school implement bike ride or
walk initiative.
• Nutrition
– To what extent does the school implement free breakfast
at school.
• Tobacco
– To what extent does the school implement a referral
system for tobacco cessation.
• Chronic Disease Management
– To what extent does the school provide access to
chronic disease self-management education
programs.
• Leadership
– To what extent does the school have a health
promotion budget.
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5. Work Site
• Demographic
Places of
employment,
such as private
offices,
restaurants, retail
establishments,
and government
offices.
– Demographics e.g. # of employees, type of work site.
• Physical Activity
– To what extent does the work site promote stairwell
use.
• Nutrition
– To what extent does the work site provide
refrigerator access to employees.
• Tobacco
– To what extent does the work site ban tobacco
advertisement.
• Chronic Disease Management
– To what extent does the work site provide routine
screening and immunizations.
• Leadership
– To what extent does the work site reimburse
employees for wellness activities.
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Action Step 4
Data Collection
• Assessment phase
• Existing data can be used if less that six
months.
• Data collection at all relevant sites to
determine where changes are needed.
• Use mixed-methods for data collection
– Observation
– Survey
– Focus group
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Action Steps 5 - 7
Data Review, Entry & Interpretation
• Provides clear picture of:
– Strengths
– Weaknesses
– Available resources
– Areas of improvement
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Action Step 8
Community Action Plan
• Develop and organize annual SMART
objectives based on the data.
o Specific - Who/What?
o Measurable – how much?
o Achievable within a time frame and
available resources.
o Realistic
o Time-phased, including completion time
and/or when the objective will be
measured.
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Moving Forward
• Start Small and Keep it Simple.
• Don’t compete; Collaborate.
• REMEMBER ...
• Need representation of diverse expertise
on your team.
• Disseminate Community Action Plan
widely within the community and to all
stakeholders.
• Document and celebrate your successes.
• Cyclical process for continuous
community health improvement.
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Remember!
If the problems are in the
community;
The solutions are in the
community
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