Transcript Urban Planning System in Japan

Japanese Experiences in Urbanization
&
Urban Planning System in Japan
23 Aug.2001 Jakarta
JICA Expert
Kenichi WAKAMATSU
Today’s point



Japanese Experiences in Urbanization
Outline of Urban Planning System in Japan
Suggestion for Special Planning System in
Indonesia
Japanese Experiences
in Urbanization
GDP per capita in Japan
Comprehensive National
Development Plan
Empowering the Private Sector by
Concentrating Public Investments
National Income per capita in Japan
As a result …
⇒ We had
several urban problems.



Formation of poor quality urbanized
areas without provision for minimum
public facilities, that is sprawl
Environmental pollution
Traffic congestion,etc
Urbanization Process
in Various Countries
Characteristics of Urbanization
in Developing Countries


Urbanization Speed
Concentration of functions and population
in the metropolis, especially in national
capitals
Urban Planning System
in Japan
History of Urban Planning Law
End of
19c.
1919
Primitive
Urban Planning
Old Urban Planning
Law
• Capital Development
• Covering the urban area
in the whole Country
• Urban Infrastructure
Development
New Urban Planning
• Detailed Zoning System
1968
Law
The objectives of the 1968 Law





Enactment of land use plans with legal power
Supply of building lots in new urban areas
Regulation and guidance of land use through
Land Development Permission System
Devolving the regulating powers of Urban
Planning to local governments
The introduction of a democratic process of
urban planning
Difference between
“Spatial Planning in RI ”and
“Urban Planning in Japan”


“Spatial Planning in RI ”deals with all
of lands.
“Urban Planning in Japan”deals with
only urban and/or its suburb area
Urban Planning Area
Area
(thousands-km2)
Total Nation(A)
Urban Planning
Area(B)
B/A
Population Numbers of
City/Town
(mil.)
377
95
123
113
3236
1960
25.2%
92.2%
60.6%
Urban Planning Law
and Related Legislation
Group A
Group B
・ Comprehensive National Land
Development Law
・ National Land Utilization Planning Law
・ National Capital Region Development Law
・ Act for construction of Arterial Motorways
for National Land Development
Urban
Planning
Law
・ Act concerning the development
Farming Promotion Areas
・ Forest Law
・ Land Expropriation Law
Group C
Land Use Zoning
Related
・Building Standard Law
・Act Concerning Harbors Law
・Act Concerning Agricultural
Land etc. Reserved in the
Urbanization Promotion Area
Urban Development Projects
Related
・Land Readjustment Law
・New Residential Built-up Area
Development Law
・Urban Renewal Law
Urban Facilities
Related
・Road Law
・ Tramways Law
・River Law
・City Parks Law
・Sewerage Law
・Parking Place Law
Main Components of
Urban Planning Law
Urban Planning Law
Zoning System
Land Development
Permission System
Urban Planning Project
The City Planning Law and Construction
Standard law which Components Each Other
 above 4m width Road

Public Facilities Development Added
 Review System of Development Project
Conditions to Develop Projects


Project Oriented Planning
Procedure of
Urban Planning Approval
Coordination
with Related
Agencies
Urban Planning Council
of the Municipality,etc.
Validation of the
Minister of
Construction
Opinions of
the Municipality
Draft Plan
Public Review
Urban Planning Council
of the Prefectural
Government
Summaries
Public Hearing
&
Explanation Meeting
Submission of
Concerned Resident’s
Opinion
Urban Planning
Approval
A scenery of
explanation meeting
Project Oriented Planning
General
In Japan
Urban Planning Project
Planning Organization
Planning
Section
Engineering
Section
Engineering Organization

Project

Project implement
Security in a Period of
High Urban Development
Demands
Procedure of Plan Implementation
for Urban Planning Projects
Plan Approval (Public Facility Development and/or Urban Development Projects)


Individual development activities become limited
In this phase, neither land purchase nor actual construction takes place.
Validation of Project
vested right is given to a developer to purchase land
 Landowner within a project area shall have the right to inverse possession

Administrative Action to Implement Project
Demolition of existing structure for the purpose of implementation
becomes possible.
 Compulsory transfer of real estates rights becomes possible.

Suggestion for
Special Planning System
in Indonesia
We have to separate
Urban Planning
from Spatial
Planning!

Establishment of the concept “Urban
Planning”
Urban Planning
Spatial Planning
A chain of
implementing flow!
(democratic process)
Draft Plan
Plan Approval
<Residents>
<administration>
Community
Participation
Information
(Right)
Cooperation
Project
This system should
be stipulated in
details by laws.
(Duty)
(Duty)
Promotion of
Projects
(Right)
Project Oriented Planning!
Urban Development Projects should be
authorized with legal power.
 Urban Development Projects should be
included in Spatial Plan.
⇒ Land Consolidation and/or KASIBA
would be more and more important.

A democratic and effective method
on Urban Development
- Land Consolidation -
Roles of Stakeholders on
Collaborative Urban Development
Residents,
Businesspersons
Advise
Specialists
(NGO,
Consultants)
Community
Activities of
Participation
Collaborative
Urban
Support
Development
cooperation
Administration
A scenery of workshop
Future Themes for explanation




Role of Central and Local Government
Urban Development Projects
Zoning System
District Plan etc.
Thank you for
your attention
See you again!