Transcript Write an identification for Benito Mussolini.

Communism and Joseph
Stalin


What were Stalin’s changes to the Leninist
ideology?
What split the communist world apart?
November 29—What do you
know about Joseph Stalin?
The Soviet Union in
the Interwar period
Key Terms
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
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Politburo
Leon Trotsky
Five-year plan
Collectivization
The Great Purge
Lecture Outline
I.
II.
Lenin
A. NEP
B. Politburo
Stalin
A. Five-Year Plan
B. Collectivization
C. Great Purge
New Economic Policy
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

In March 1921, Lenin abandoned war
communism, in which the government had
extensive control of the economy, in favor of
his New Economic Policy (NEP).
The NEP was a modified version of the old
capitalist system.
Peasants were allowed to sell their produce
openly. Retail stores could be privately
owned and operated.
NEP (con)
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
Heavy industry, banking, and mines
remained in the hands of the government.
The NEP saved the Soviet Union from
complete economic disaster, but it was meant
to be a temporary retreat from the goals of
communism.
What is the Politburo?


It is a seven-member committee that became
the leading policy-making body of the
Communist Party in Russia.
When Lenin died in 1924, there was a power
struggle among the members of the
Politburo.
Who is Leon Trotsky?

Leon Trotsky led one
of the groups in the
Politburo. He was also
the commissar of war.
Leon Trotsky
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
He wanted to end the NEP and launch
Russia on a path of rapid industrialization;
chiefly at the expense of the peasants.
He also wanted to spread communism
abroad and believed that the revolution in
Russia would not survive unless other
nations adopted communism.
The other group
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
The other group in the Politburo wanted to
focus on building a socialist state at home
and continue Lenin’s NEP.
This group believed that rapid
industrialization was too radical a plan and
that such a plan would lower the peasants
standard of living.
Joseph Stalin

He was the general
secretary of the
Communist Party and
he used this power to
make him a dictator by
1929.
Stalin’s Changes to Leninism
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
Stalin believed that
historical progress
had come about
because of the state
controlled by the
Communist Party.
Class enemies
remained a constant
threat to the socialist
society and
communist state.
Stalin’s Changes to Leninism

Subordination of all
foreign communist
parties, and later
states, to the needs of
the Soviet Union.
Other communists
were expected to
serve the interests of
the USSR and its
leaders.
Five-Year Plans
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
He ended the NEP in 1928 and launched his
first Five-Year Plan, which set economic
goals for five-year periods.
Their purpose was to transform Russia
virtually overnight from an agricultural into an
industrial country.
Collectivization
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
The first five-year plan focused on the
production of armaments and capital goods
such as heavy machinery and collectivization
of farms.
It was a system in which private farms were
eliminated and the government owned all of
the land while the peasants worked it.
Reactions to collectivization
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
Many peasants actively resisted it. They
would rather hoard crops or kill livestock,
than have them taken.
By 1930, 10 million peasant households had
been collectivized. Four years later, roughly
26 million family farms had been collectivized
into 250,000 units.
Effects of Stalin’s leadership
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The hoarding of food and slaughter of
livestock by peasants resisting collectivization
resulted in famine. 10 million peasants died
in the famines of 1932 and 1933.
Anyone who resisted Stalin was sent to the
gulags, forced labor camps in Siberia.
Much of the social legislation passed in the
1920s was overturned, including equal rights
for women.
The Great Purge
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Occurred in the 1930s
Stalin removed the Old Bolsheviks and other
opponents by putting them on trial and
condemning them to death.
Stalin also purged many army officers,
diplomats, union officials, party members,
intellectuals, and numerous ordinary citizens.
An estimated 8 million Russians were sent to
gulags, from which they never returned.