Transcript Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin
A New Era in the Soviet Union
Chapter 13.4
Table of contents
• NEP
• Leon Trotsky
• Party General
Secretary
• Five Year Plans
• Collectivization
• Purge
• Gulag
• propaganda
Russia Before Stalin
• Backwards, poor industry
• Communists controlled banks,
transportation
• Still some money and
capitalism
Lenin’s Last Days and the NEP
• New Economic Policy.
• Lenin allowed peasants and small
companies to operate a business.
• Larger industries, banking, and mines
stayed under the control of the
government.
• The NEP saved the Soviet Union from
economic disaster.
Lenin’s Death Creates Conflict
• After Lenin’s death in 1924, there was a
power struggle between the left and the
right.
– The left, Trotsky, wanted to end the NEP and
quickly industrialize.
– The right wanted to focus on building a
socialist state and continue the NEP.
Trotsky vs. Stalin
The Rise of Stalin
• An intense rivalry between Trotsky and
Stalin
• Trotsky used his speaking skills and
position to influence many high ranking
official.
• But Stalin gained the edge when he was
appointed Party General Secretary.
Rise of Stalin Cont.
• As Party General Secretary
– to appoint : regional, district, city, and
town secretaries.
• appointed over 10,000 people
– later vote and put Stalin in control of
the Communist Party
• Consolidated power:
– Trotsky murdered,
– eliminated all his enemies est. a
dictatorship.
5 year plans
• Wants growth in Industry, agriculture,
transportation
• Government controls EVERYTHING
• Sets goals that MUST be met
– Rewards AND punishments
– Not enough tools & machines
• RESULT- Growth of industry,
But workers are still poor,
overworked
Stalin Takes Power
• Puts everything under government
control
• No private ownership
• Demanded total Loyalty
– Killed ANYONE who
might threaten his power
Stalin’s Five-Years Plans
Five-Year Plans to transform USSR
from an agricultural country into an
industrialized giant.
• 1st emphasized the production of heavy
machinery and oil.
• problems were created,
– especially in housing, paying, and
feeding all the workers in the growing
industrial cities.
Stalin and Collectivization
• rapid collectivization of agriculture.
• - eliminate private farms
• make people work collectively (together)
on giant state run farms.
• Collectivization had its costs.
– hoarding of food
– slaughter of livestock produced
widespread famine
– killed over 10 million peasants in 193233.
Collectivization
• Government controlled
all agriculture
• Forced farmers to give
up land
- killed those who resist
• Farms are “collected” into huge areas,
peasants forced to work for no profit
Stalin’s “Purges”
Stalin “purged” the Communist Party.
- thousands of his “enemies” killed
army officers, diplomats, party officials,
intellectuals, and average citizens.
- additional 8 million Russians arrested
and sent to forced labor camps in Siberia,
- never returned.
Stalin’s Social Changes
• Before : Communists promoted sexual
liberation, divorce, and abortion.
• Once in power, Stalin praised the family
unit and outlawed abortion.
• He fined or physically punished divorced
fathers who did not support their
children.
Terror
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Used terror as a weapon
Letters not private to spies
No free press
Critics sent to the Gulag, labor camps
Thought Police
• Propaganda- Stalin used the media to
boost morale
• He made himself god-like
• Censored art, music and books
Soviet Propaganda
• Propaganda can serve to rally people
behind a cause, but often- as in the case
of totalitarianism- at the cost of
exaggerating, misrepresenting, or even
lying about the issues in order to gain
that support.
• (Don’t Write)The following propaganda posters were
common in the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalin’s 30
year rule (1923-1953)
Document 2
document 2:
Glory to Stalin – The great
architect of communism!
Doc. 2:
Under the leadership of the great Stalin - forward
to Communism!
Description: 1951
"Long live the workers’ and peasants’ Red
Army - the true guard of the Soviet borders!"
Gustav Klutsis, 1935
Don’t speak out!
The captain of the country of Soviets, leads us from victory to victory!
1933